Volume 11 | Issue 12 |

 Abstract

In the context of fostering a robust agricultural economy, particularly in nations like India, the early detection of plant leaf diseases stands as a pivotal requirement. Beyond its implications for agricultural productivity, the significance of timely disease detection extends to ensuring the nutritional integrity of a sizable population. This survey paper proposes a comprehensive exploration of methodologies for the early identification of tomato plant leaf diseases, emphasizing the integration of advanced image processing techniques, convolutional neural networks (CNNs), and open-source algorithms. By synthesizing and evaluating existing research in this domain, the paper aims to provide an in-depth understanding of the state-of-the-art technologies, their strengths, limitations, and potential areas for improvement. The culmination of this survey contributes to the development of a dependable, secure, and precise framework tailored to the specificities of tomato plant diseases. The insights derived from this survey are poised to inform and guide future research endeavors, offering a holistic perspective on the advancements in early disease detection and predictive mechanisms within the realm of agricultural practices.

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 Keywords

Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs), Open-Source Algorithms, Early Disease Detection, Plant Leaf Diseases.

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The emergence of Immunotherapy has revolutionized the field of cancer treatment, offering new avenues for tackling various malignancies. This review article aims to provide a comprehensive overview of immunotherapy in cancer, exploring the principles, advancements, and challenges associated with this promising therapeutic approach. It delves into the key immunotherapeutic modalities, including immune checkpoint inhibitors, adoptive cell therapy, cancer vaccines, and cytokine-based therapies. Furthermore, the article discusses the mechanisms of action, clinical applications, and limitations of immunotherapy, highlighting the current progress and future directions in this rapidly evolving field.

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Overview of the Immune System and Cancer, Principles of Cancer Immunotherapy, Key Immunotherapeutic Modalities, Mechanisms of Action and Clinical Applications, Limitations and Challenges of Immunotherapy,

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The state of biodiversity in the planet is alarming. Ecosystems and species are disappearing at a rapid pace despite the global community's intense conservation efforts. All Indian religions place great importance on the preservation and conservation of biodiversity. Culture and cultural values are often associated with the spiritual and religious significance of wildlife and landscapes, as evidenced by ceremonies, rituals, and sacred sites, among other cultural practices. This relationship extends to conservation. There are occasions when people worship plants and animals. The Nagpanchami festival honours snakes because people understand how important they are to the ecosystem in regulating the number of rats. On the occasion of Vat Savitri vrat, people worship banyan trees. Even the cattle are worshipped on a particular day as a tradition. In India, biodiversity outside protected areas is rich because of close relationships between religious, socio-cultural beliefs and conservation. The State of HP, falling within Himalayan Biodiversity Hotspot, is bestowed with a repository of flora and fauna. Out of total flora and fauna found in India, 7.3% of flora and 7.4% of fauna, including endangered species listed in Red List of IUCN, have been reported in HP. HP is also well-known as one of important stopovers for migratory birds. The state is a home to around 3200 species of plants, 1200 species of both native and migrant birds and 77 species of mammals. With such an immense amount of flora and fauna surrounding Himachal, it is equally important that there be measures to conserve it. Conservation of biological resources through religion and belief has a long history in Himachal Pradesh. This study aims to document the different ethics dedicated within the Hindu community that have an inherent role in the conservation of biodiversity in Himachal Pradesh. Some of these are as sacred groves, taboo system, sacred lakes and ponds, wells and even plants and animals which contribute to the preservation of natural resources. It's essential to recognize and support these practices as they play a crucial role in maintaining the ecological balance of the region.

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 Keywords

Biodiversity, conservation, culture, traditions, sacred.

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This study aimed to evaluate the compliance of the Animal Bite Center in Tarlac City when it comes to health standards. The paper included the evaluated level of compliance on health standards, identified problems faced by the center, action plan, and the implications of the study on the field of Public Administration. Given the degree matter's relevance to public health and safety, a thorough study into the management of animal bites becomes imperative. Through this study, the researcher sought to contribute valuable insights that could enhance the overall effectiveness of public health administration and management and in addressing problems related to animal bites. On the other hand, the researcher utilized the quantitative descriptive design and a random sampling to gather data and to fully satisfy the purpose of the study. A total of one hundred ten (110) respondents took part in this study including victim clientele and personnels in the Animal Bite Center in Tarlac City. Findings revealed that compliance on health standards of the Animal Bite Center in Tarlac City under the policies and guidelines got the highest grand mean of 4.40 and was evaluated as Often Complied. Whilst the quality services got the lowest grand mean of 3.43 and was evaluated as Sometimes Complied by the respondents. The overall rating obtained a grand mean of 4.02 and evaluated as Often Complied. iv Furthermore, the researchers found out that the top 5 problems encountered in the Animal Bite Center were the following: (1) long waiting times, (2) inconsistent follow up, (3) inconsistent service quality, (4) communication issues, and (5) lack of educational resources. In addition, an action plan was proposed also and developed by the researcher and respondents to address the problems encountered in the Animal Bite Center in Tarlac City. In summary, the study extends beyond the immediate health concerns at the Animal Bite Center in Tarlac City. They call for a holistic and proactive approach to regulatory oversight, resource management, and inter-agency collaboration to ensure the delivery of safe and effective services to the public.

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 Keywords

Animal bite. Health

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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sloped terrain, hilly areas, conventional slab, flat slab, waffle slab, ETABS software

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MSMEs have been competing with multinational companies both at home as well as export market for years due to globalization of the economy and liberalization of import regulation. After the liberalization process, these aspects have become imperative for very survival of MSMEs. The aim of the research is to study the problems and challenges during implementation of TQM practices in MSMEs. Inspite of problems and challenges to deploy TQM practices in MSMEs, TQM practices are being implemented. In response to the pressure of an open market economy, most of the MSMEs have adopted TQM practices. MSMEs should consider TQM as an innovative tool for improving operational and organizational performance in today's dynamic manufacturing environment. The study has contributed to the practical and academic knowledge of Total Quality Management in MSMEs.

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TQM, ISO, MSME.WTO

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This research explores the efficiency of algorithmic strategies--Divide and Conquer, Dynamic Programming, Greedy Algorithms, and Brute Force--through a comparison of representative algorithms. Using metrics like time and space complexity, we analyze their performance and uncover practical insights. Results reveal nuanced trade-offs, guiding algorithm selection in diverse contexts. This study not only advances our understanding of algorithmic efficiency but also offers practical implications for real-world applications.

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 Keywords

Algorithmic Strategies, Divide and Conquer, Dynamic Programming, Greedy Algorithms, Brute Force, Design and Analysis of Algorithms, Comparative Analysis, Real-world Applicability, Algorithmic Paradigms, Computational Complexity, Algorithmic Optimization

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 Abstract

Oral therapy of (NSAIDS) is for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis causes gastric irritation and ulceration. Ketoprofen has a half life of 1.5 hrs and the bioavailability of ketoprofen is 86% . The total daily dose of ketoprofen is 75 mg , hence it requires frequent dosing. Emulgel was prepared for dual controlled release of drug from emulsion and gel also avoids first pass metabolism. Different formulations were prepared using different hydrotropes sodium acetate , sodium citrate and urea in both the solid and liquid state by solid dispersion method. The prepared formulation were evaluated for various parameters like viscosity, pH, skin irritation, extrudability and invitro permeation using Franz diffusion cell . Diffusion data was fitted into various kinetic models (zero order , first order , Higuchi ,Korsemeyer peppas model). The formulation containing the combination of hydrotropes in the ratio 1:3 in 10% using almond oil as permeation enhancer was considered optimum batch and showed similar drug release to the marketed ketoprofen formulation.

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Hydrotropy, Emulgel, Frequent dosing,Extrudability, solid dispersion and Brookfield viscometer.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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Animal disease prediction is a critical component of effective animal health management and plays a vital role in preventing the spread of infectious dis eases, ensuring the well-being of livestock, and safeguarding public health. Lever aging the power of machine learning (ML) techniques, this study aims to develop a predictive model for the early detection and forecasting of animal dis eases, enabling proactive intervention and timely preventive measures. The pro- posed ML-based framework integrates diverse data sources, including environ- mental factors, animal behavior patterns, genetic information, and historical disease records, to build robust predictive models capable of identifying potential disease outbreaks and assessing the susceptibility of animal populations to specific diseases. Through comprehensive data preprocessing, feature selection, and model development, the system seeks to provide accurate and reliable pre- dictions, facilitating informed decision-making for veterinarians, animal health professionals, and policymakers. By harnessing the capabilities of real-time monitoring and continuous model updates, the proposed system aims to offer a dynamic and proactive approach to animal disease management, contributing to the overall improvement of animal health, welfare, and sustainable agricultural practices. The findings from this research have the potential to significantly enhance the efficiency of disease control measures, minimize economic losses in the agricultural sector, and promote a healthier and more resilient animal population.

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 Keywords

Computer Vision, Machine Learning, Deep Learning.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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Due to rapid development of science and technology tremendous socio-economic changes have taken places. It could be noticed that behavioral attitude are changing and also changed the concept of social value. In this paper researcher wants to derive a relationship between mobile phone industry and its impact on youth -generation of Malda district In which organization providing telecom and the services related activities. The telecom sub sector is primarily engaged in operating maintaining and or providing access sound and video known as communication industry. Mobile is one of the basic needs of pupils. The adaption of the mobile phone by young pupils has been a global phenomenon in recent years. The invention of the fixed telephone in the late 19th century in United States changed the way that people interacted and communicated. This has been paralleled in the 21st century by the advent of the mobile phone. Telecom services were introduced in India soon after the invention of telegraphy and telephone. First telegraph line between Kolkata to diamond harbor was opened in 1851. The growth of mobile phone technology is demonstrated by the fact, that in 2002 the number of mobile phone users worldwide, suppressed those of fixed phone users. It has been predicated that by the end of 2007 the number of cell phone subscriber's World wide will reach 2.5 billion. While the figures are impress in the rate at which young people have adopted the mobile phone in many parts of the world is even more impressive. The cell phone had been in existence for about a decade before young people really adopted this technology. It is now an integral part of pupils daily lived and is for the majority the most popular form of electronic communication. Intact the cell phone has turned from a technological tool to a social tool

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 Keywords

Science and Technology, Sociology Value, Invention, Global Phenomenon and electronic communication.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition