Volume 13 | Issue 12 |

 Abstract

One of the most important constants among all of us, despite our differences, is that above all we are consumers. We use or consume on a regular basis food, clothing, shelter, transportation, education, vacation, necessities, luxuries, services, and even ideas. As consumers, we play a vital role in the health of the economy - local, national and international. The purchase decisions we make affect the demand for basic raw materials, for transportation for production for banking: They affect the employment of workers and the deployment of resources, the success of some industries and the failure of others. In order to succeed in any business and especially in today's dynamic and rapidly evolving marketplace, marketers need to know everything they can about consumer-what they want what they think, how they work, how they spent their leisure time. They need to understand the personal and group influences that affect consumer decisions and how these decisions are made.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Consumer, Buying behaviour, durable goods, Electronic goods

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

The plant Zanthoxylum Ovalifolium (wight) have been used in the treatment of cancer in Indian traditional medicine. All parts of this plant have medicinal values but most precious is leaf of this plant. folklore medicine has long served as a valuable resource for treating various health conditions, especially in rural parts of India. One such medicinal plant is Zanthoxylum Ovalifolium (Wight). Species from the Rutaceae family, it is commonly seen in Western Ghat built of south India. known as thorny yellow wood and Aremadalu in Kannada, which has been traditionally used to manage a range of ailments, including inflammation, pain, digestive disorders, and notable cancer. The present study is to investigate the anticancer potential of Zanthoxylum Ovalifolium (Wight), as per folklore claim with a focus on both its traditional and contemporary scientific evidence. Based on this background, the study aims to conduct a preliminary analytical study of the plant. Which includes its phytochemical composition, and its pharmacological activities. This study also highlights the results of standardization (identity, purity & strength) tests, and preliminary phytochemical screening.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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Zanthoxylum Ovalifolium (Wight), Phytochemical analysis

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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This paper focus on a group of our society that is socially and educationally backward known as socio-economic disadvantage group SEDGs. As each one has equal right to have access to quality education. Education is right of all but still there are several groups that are disadvantage such as women, minorities, SCs, STs ,OBCs , PwDs, EWSs ,who are left behind in the field of education. It is government's prime goal to develop nation by bringing all together. Hence the National education policy(NEP 2020) emphasizes the need to address the issue of students belonging to socio-economic disadvantage group. Accordingly this paper address the issues and challenges faced by socio economic disadvantage group and the goals ,policies set by National education policy in favour and upliftment of socio-economic disadvantage group.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Socio economic disadvantage group,National education policy 2020

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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A humanoid robot is designed to resemble and replicate human body movement and behavior. It aims to perform tasks similar to humans such as walking, lifting, or communicating. This project focuses on developing a prototype capable of human-like motion using servo motors, sensors, and microcontrollers. The system integrates mechanical design, control algorithms, and artificial intelligence for natural movement and response. The ultimate goal is to build a low-cost, efficient humanoid that can assist in education, service, and industrial applications.

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Project

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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Learning how algorithms work can be difficult when the explanation is limited to written code or theory. To make this easier, this project provides a web-based tool that shows the actions of different path-finding and sorting algorithms through clear, step-by-step visuals. The system uses simple colors and animations to display how nodes are visited, how choices are made during the search process, and how values are arranged while sorting. It supports widely used algorithms such as BFS, DFS, A*, Dijkstra's Algorithm, Bubble Sort, Merge Sort, Quick Sort, and others. The tool is built using standard web technologies and can run on any modern browser. Its main goal is to help learners understand algorithm behavior more clearly and to support improved digital learning in line with educational and technological development goals.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Algorithm Visualization, Path-Finding Algorithms, Sorting Algorithms, Dijkstra's Algorithm, A* Search, Breadth-First Search (BFS), Depth-First Search (DFS), Bubble Sort, Quick Sort, Merge Sort, Educational Tool, Interactive Learning, Web-Based Application, HTML, CSS, JavaScript, SDG 4, SDG 9.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

In Hindu traditions, the self is increasingly mystified with religious doctrines. On the contrary, Periyar E.V. Ramasamy assigned a rational and humane quality with secular view. The concept of self-respect was vividly propagated through his speeches and writings of Periyar especially in Kudi Arasu and Revolt when the level of literary was very low during the pre-independent period. However, Madras Presidency then had higher level of literacy. Though his writings for Tamil readers in Kudi Arasu seem to be vocal and received well, the translated English version in Revolt did not appeal well for the English readers since majority belonged to the upper strata of the society. Besides, his journalistic ventures did not assure the financial gains even to continue the publications. Thus, he had to terminate the Revolt, of course not his rebelling attitude towards social evils, after couple of years. The Revolt remains a symbol of radical scholarship in the world of English readers today.

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Periyar, Revolt, Rationalism, Self-respect, Journalism.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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Three-dimensional (3D) printing is becoming an important technology in modern pharmaceutical manufacturing because it allows the creation of customized medicines whenever needed. A major innovation from this technology is the polypill, a single tablet that carries several drugs with different and adjustable release patterns. Such dosage forms are especially helpful for patients who take many medicines daily, such as those with long-term conditions like hypertension, diabetes, cardiovascular disorders, or age-related diseases. To successfully produce a 3D-printed polypill, detailed preformulation studies are essential. These investigations include examining the physical and chemical properties of the drugs, checking the compatibility of drug-excipient combinations, assessing thermal stability, and evaluating flow and rheological characteristics. These parameters ensure that the material can be printed properly and that the drugs remain stable throughout the process. This review outlines the key preformulation requirements and formulation approaches used in polypill development through various 3D-printing techniques such as fused deposition modeling (FDM), selective laser sintering (SLS), inkjet printing, and stereolithography (SLA). It also highlights the advantages and drawbacks of each method, regulatory considerations for 3D-printed medicines, and future research opportunities in this fast-growing field.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Fused deposition modelling (FDM); selective laser sintering (SLS); inkjet printing; stereolithography (SLA); controlled drug release; multi-drug dosage form; pharmaceutical innovation.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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This paper presents the design and implementation of an intelligent RF signal generation and jamming simulation system using Software Defined Radio (SDR) integrated with artificial intelligence (AI) and a web-based visualization dashboard. The system simulates real-time jamming scenarios, detects interference patterns using machine learning algorithms, and autonomously executes recovery actions. The framework employs, GNU Radio software, and a Random Forest classifier achieving 97.5% accuracy in interference classification. A React-based web dashboard provides live signal spectrum, waveform, and recovery visualization. This integrated SDR-AI architecture demonstrates real-time cognitive communication capabilities and serves as a platform for research, education, and defencegrade anti-jamming solutions.

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Keywords - Software Defined Radio, Artificial Intelligence, Jamming Simulation, Cognitive Radio, Machine Learning, RF Interference, Web Dashboard.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

Oral drug delivery remains the most preferred route for drug administration due to its convenience, cost-effectiveness, and high patient compliance. However, a major challenge in oral drug delivery is the poor aqueous solubility and limited bioavailability of many newly developed drugs. Nearly 40-60% of new chemical entities (NCEs) belong to Biopharmaceutical Classification System (BCS) Class II and IV, characterized by low solubility and/or permeability. Poor solubility leads to erratic absorption, delayed onset of action, and variable therapeutic outcomes. Conventional oral formulations such as tablets and capsules often fail to achieve adequate systemic exposure for lipophilic drugs, as dissolution in the gastrointestinal (GI) fluids becomes the rate-limiting step. In response to these challenges, lipid-based formulations (LBFs) have emerged as promising alternatives, offering improved solubilization and lymphatic transport.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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Self nanoemulsifying drug delivery system (SNEDDS)

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

Mobile Ad-hoc Networks (MANETs) and Flying Ad-hoc Networks (FANETs) consist of battery-powered nodes that organize themselves without any fixed infrastructure. Energy conservation and route reliability are fundamental challenges because network lifetime and quality of service depend on how routing protocols handle node mobility and limited energy. The low-energy adaptive clustering hierarchy (LEACH) protocol is reducing energy consumption by clustering nodes, aggregating data and using a time-division multiple access schedule. However, conventional LEACH does not consider residual energy or node mobility during cluster-head (CH) selection. Ad hoc on demand multipath distance vector (AOMDV) along with other multipath protocols allow the sender to keep multiple loop free and link disjoint routes although they have overhead and may choose stale paths in situations with high mobility. Dynamic source routing (DSR) enables self-configuring routes through on-demand discovery and maintenance and allows a sender to store several routes to each destination. This paper proposes a hybrid routing approach that combines energy-aware cluster-head selection with multipath and link-reliability routing. The High-Mobility LEACH (HM-LEACH) algorithm selects cluster heads based on node mobility and remaining energy, rotates the CH role periodically and cooperates with AOMDV to discovery multiple paths between a source and a destination. For flying ad hoc networks, the approach integrates a link-reliability modification of DSR (DSR-LR) to adapt to the high three-dimensional mobility of unmanned aerial vehicles. Simulations conducted in NS-2 for MANETs and FANETs demonstrate that the proposed scheme improves packet delivery ratio, reduces energy consumption and lowers routing overhead compared with conventional AODV and DSDV protocols.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

FANET, UAV, ad-hoc network, routing protocol, mobility model, energy efficiency, security, clustering, machine learning

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition