Volume 13 | Issue 12 |

 Abstract

The primal intention of the present paper is to explore the problems faced by start-ups at Kudumalakunte Industrial Area, Gowribidanuru. Further the study also conducted to know the available opportunities at the Kudumalakunte start-up area. Kudumalakunte a hamlet came into fame when the government of Karnataka started industrial area and innumerable industries has been already established. Basically it is a industrial centre and start-ups could operate from the area. There is no start-up directory but one can find start-ups like Vasavi Adhesive, RL Fine Chem and RAC Pharmachemicals. Many more may join in the likely future.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Funding, cyber security, training, exit patent, tax, lapses, robust, hiring, permits, problems, opportunities, internet, transportation, environment.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

Ensuring equal access to education for visually impaired learners remains one of the most critical challenges in digital learning environments. The rapid evolution of artificial intelligence (AI), speech recognition, and natural language processing (NLP) has enabled the creation of voice-based learning and examination systems that promote inclusivity and independence [1], [2]. This paper surveys twelve significant studies published between 2015 and 2024 that focus on voice-enabled quizzes, e-learning platforms, and assistive technologies for visually impaired users. A comparative analysis of their objectives, methodologies, and outcomes reveals the steady shift from rule-based speech systems to AI-driven adaptive frameworks. Finally, a novel model--QUIZ TALK--is proposed, combining speech recognition, NLP, and adaptive feedback mechanisms to provide a holistic learning and assessment experience.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Voice-based systems, Artificial intelligence, Speech recognition, Adaptive learning, Accessibility, Visually impaired.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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Neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's, Parkinson's, and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis present major global health challenges due to their progressive nature and lack of curative treatments. Recent advances in artificial intelligence (AI) have transformed research and clinical approaches in this field. By integrating machine learning, deep learning, and multimodal data analytics, AI systems can detect early pathological changes, analyze neuroimaging and biomarker patterns, and improve diagnostic precision. AI-enabled monitoring through wearable devices, speech analysis, and digital behavioral tracking provides continuous assessment of disease progression, supporting timely interventions and individualized care. In drug discovery, AI accelerates target identification, compound screening, and drug repurposing, significantly reducing development timelines. Collectively, AI is reshaping the landscape of neurology by enabling earlier detection, more accurate diagnosis, personalized treatment strategies, and more efficient therapeutic development.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Artificial intelligence, Neurodegenerative diseases, Early diagnosis, Digital biomarkers, Drug discovery

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

Ayurveda is based on Tridosha, which means the theory of three elements of the universe. Vata, Pitta, and Kapha are the three doshas. The meaning of Vata is Wind, Pitta means Bile and Kapha means Phlegm. Those elements correspond to the tridosha that exists in the world, namely Air, Fire, and Water. Shaddharana Churna is a polyherbal Ayurvedic formulation that has been described in the Samhitas like Sushrut Samhita, Ashtang Sangraham, Ashtang Hridayam, Madhava Nidana, Vrinda Madhava, Chakra Datta, Vangasena Samhita, Gada nigraha, Yoga Ratnakar, Brihat Nighantu Ratnakar, Yoga Chintamani, and Bhaishajya Ratnavali. Shaddharana Churna contains six drugs of equal quantities. They are Chitraka, Indrayava, Patha, Katuka, Ativisha, and Abhaya / Haritaki. Plants are the exclusive source of drugs for the treatment of many diseases. Each monograph integrates botanical identification (macroscopic & microscopic), pharmacognostic characters, physicochemical constants, phytochemical marker identification, extraction methods, standardized assay procedures (TLC/HPLC/UV), recommended tests for contaminants (heavy metals, pesticides, aflatoxins, microbial limits), and a summary of reported pharmacological actions and safety data. The work presents validated laboratory procedures for preparing hydroalcoholic and aqueous extracts, provides marker-based standardization targets (e.g., guggulsterones for guggul; bacosides for brahmi; shatavarin-type saponins for shatavari), and proposes stability, storage, and labelling requirements to meet regulatory and clinical needs.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Ayurveda, Monograph, Brahmi, Shatavari, Guggul

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Index Terms--Unit Disk Graph, In-Place Algorithms, Space Complexity, Bipartite Matching, Minimum Enclosing Circle, Maximum Clique, Computational Geometry, Wireless Networks.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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The blood-brain barrier (BBB) is a highly selective structural and functional interface that tightly regulates molecular transport between the bloodstream and the central nervous system, making brain drug delivery a major challenge. This review discusses the anatomy of the BBB, its cellular components--endothelial cells, astrocytes, pericytes, the basement membrane, and microglia--and the junctional complexes that restrict paracellular permeability. Conventional drug delivery approaches remain limited due to restricted permeability, active efflux mechanisms, and a mismatch between in-vitro and in-vivo models. Advances in artificial intelligence (AI) have transformed drug discovery and BBB transport research through improved target identification, molecular screening, de novo drug design, and drug repurposing. AI-driven models, including machine learning and deep learning, enhance the prediction of BBB permeability, optimize nanoparticle-based delivery systems, and integrate In-silico, in-vitro, and in-vivo datasets for better translational accuracy. Additionally, molecular dynamics simulations and computational nanotoxicology provide insight into nanoparticle interactions with BBB membranes, aiding the rational design of nanocarriers capable of crossing the BBB. Despite these advancements, limitations remain due to biological complexity, dataset scarcity, and reduced interpretability of AI algorithms. Overall, integrating AI with experimental BBB models offers a promising path toward more efficient CNS drug development and targeted therapeutic delivery.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

artificial intelligence, blood-brain barrier (BBB), machine learning, de novo drug design, nanotoxicology

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

Dandruff is a common scalp disorder primarily associated with Malassezia species, abnormal keratinization, and inflammatory responses. Although synthetic agents such as ketoconazole, zinc pyrithione, and selenium sulfide remain standard treatments, their long-term use is often limited by irritation and microbiome disruption. This review summarizes current research on the formulations, mechanisms, and efficacy of herbal anti-dandruff shampoos, highlighting their growing relevance as safer and multifunctional alternatives. Key herbal ingredients including neem, tea tree oil, rosemary, Aloe vera, hibiscus, amla, and tulsi demonstrate significant antifungal, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and sebum-regulating activities supported by in-vitro and clinical findings.Formulation strategies emphasize mild surfactant systems, standardized extracts, and optimized physicochemical properties to ensure stability and bioactivity. Comparative studies show that polyherbal shampoos can achieve reductions in dandruff severity similar to synthetic agents while offering superior scalp tolerance and user acceptability. Despite these advantages, gaps remain in extract standardization, large-scale clinical validation, and advanced delivery technologies. Overall, herbal anti-dandruff shampoos present an effective and sustainable approach for long-term scalp care, warranting further research to refine their therapeutic potential.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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Herbal shampoos, dandruff, Malassezia, antidandruff agents, phytochemicals, scalp microbiome

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

The period from 1947 to 1967 marked a transformative phase in the socio-economic and educational progress of the Depressed Classes (Scheduled Castes) in India, particularly in Tamil Nadu. Following independence, the Indian government initiated several welfare schemes and legislative measures to abolish untouchability, promote equality, and enhance educational access. This paper traces the historical evolution of social reforms from the Poona Pact to the implementation of the Untouchability (Offences) Act of 1955, later known as the Protection of Civil Rights Act. It also examines government initiatives such as mid-day meal schemes, hostel facilities, scholarships, and reservation policies aimed at uplifting the Depressed Classes. Despite persistent social barriers and discrimination, these decades witnessed significant progress in literacy, employment, and representation of the Scheduled Castes in public life. The study concludes that the post-independence welfare policies laid the foundation for the socio-economic empowerment of marginalized communities in modern India.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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Depressed Classes, Scheduled Castes, Harijan Welfare, Untouchability, Poona Pact, Social Reform, Educational Upliftment, Tamil Nadu, Post-Independence India, Welfare Policy.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

To find the sum of all real number exists in between two consecutive natural numbers

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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Sum of all real number exists in between two consecutive natural numbers

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

Orthogonal Time Frequency Space modulation stands out as a solid option for Beyond 5G and even 6G wireless systems. It works well in situations with high mobility. There OFDM runs into big problems from Doppler effects and carrier interference. This paper looks at OTFS in detail through setups in MATLAB and GNU Radio. The focus stays on how it handles the delay-Doppler domain. That comes from using two-dimensional ISFFT and SFFT transformations. They built an end-to-end transceiver prototype for OTFS. Key parts include QAM symbol mapping and delay-Doppler channel modeling. MMSE equalization fits in there too. The simulations turned out strong. OTFS holds up well against channels that change very fast over time. It keeps the constellation points clear even with Doppler shifts up to 1 kHz. They compared OTFS to OFDM in matching channel setups. OTFS came out ahead with lower bit-error rates and symbol-error rates. It also needed fewer pilot signals. Spectral efficiency improved as a result. These findings point to OTFS fitting right into ultra-reliable low-latency communication needs. It suits vehicle-to-vehicle systems as well. Fast mobility cases expected in 6G benefit from it too. The team shared an open-access platform using MATLAB and GNU Radio. That makes future research simpler for others. It opens doors for real-world builds on FPGA or SDR hardware.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

OTFS, OFDM, Delay-Doppler domain, High Doppler, 6G, B5G, MATLAB, GNU Radio, ISFFT/SFFT, MMSE equalization, V2V communication, URLLC, SDR, FPGA

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition