Volume 13 | Issue 12 |

 Abstract

Road accidents involving two-wheeler riders remain a major concern in India, with a significant number of fatalities attributed to the absence of helmet use and delayed emergency assistance. To address this issue, a Smart Helmet System is proposed that integrates multiple sensors to ensure rider safety and accident detection. The system verifies helmet usage through an IR sensor, monitors alcohol consumption using an MQ-3 breath sensor, and enables vehicle ignition only when safety conditions are met. An impact-sensing module detects accidents, after which the location is acquired through GPS and transmitted via GSM to emergency contacts. This model aims to promote compliance with safety regulations, reduce accident-related fatalities, and provide a cost-effective solution for real-time accident reporting. The proposed design demonstrates the potential of embedded and IoT-based systems to improve rider protection and enhance road safety.

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 Keywords

Smart Helmet, Accident Detection, Alcohol Monitoring, Emergency Alert System

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

This study investigates students' perceptions of physical education (PE) and its contribution to their physical, psychological, social and academic development. Responses from nineteen students across varied academic programmes were examined through thematic analysis following Braun and Clarke's framework. Five themes emerged, demonstrating PE's value in holistic development, social competence, academic discipline and emotional well-being. Students advocated improvements in infrastructure, professional guidance and activity diversification. The findings offer insights for strengthening PE programmes within higher education.

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 Keywords

Physical Education; Student Perceptions; Academic Engagement; Well-being; Behavioural Outcomes; Social Development.

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 Abstract

ABSTRACT Continental flood basalts are massive volcanic eruptions that accumulate enormous volumes of basaltic rock covering large areas in the order of lacks of square kilometers and attaining thickness of several hundreds of meters and volumes exceeding one million Km3. Rajahmundry Trap Basalt flows are one among such worldwide large continental flood basalts. For the last half a century, it has been an interested topic of research on CFBs for several geoscientists who have contributed voluminous data on basalts. In the present paper an attempt has been made to unearth the probable mode of origin and emplacement of RTB flows that are occurring as discrete out crops at several locations. 28 basalt samples were collected from three basalt flows one lying one the other separated by two intertrappeans and an infratrappean bed at the base of these flows.The samples were analyzed chemically by HR-ICP MassSpectrophotometer for major, minor and trace elements and by XRD powder pattern. Initially these samples were studied under microscope in thin sections for mineral identification. These basalts are very fine grained with occasional phenocrysts of Olivine, Plagioclase and Clinopyroxenes and fine granules of these and many other minerals admixed with cryptocrystalline and glassy matrix. From the data derived from, optical, XRD and analytical procedures appropriate conclusions have been drawn.

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 Keywords

Geochemical, Trap Basalt flows, Intertrappeans, major and minor elements, trace and rare-earth elements, Differentiation, Crust, Mantle

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The present study aimed to develop and standardize the Tiwari Marital Satisfaction Scale (TMSS) to assess marital satisfaction among Indian married individuals. The scale contains 15 items covering six domains: Emotional Satisfaction, Communication, Conflict Resolution, Intimacy & Affection, Shared Decision-Making, and Overall Satisfaction. The sample consisted of 120 married individuals selected through purposive sampling. The reliability of the scale was found to be high (Cronbach's alpha = 0.87; test-retest reliability = 0.81). Content validity index (CVI = 0.89) and factor analysis confirmed strong construct validity. TMSS is a culturally relevant, reliable, and valid instrument for assessing marital satisfaction in Indian settings.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

marital satisfaction, scale development, reliability, validity, TMSS, Indian couples.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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Individuals with motor disabilities often struggle with performing daily activities independently, especially in terms of mobility. Voice-controlled assistive technology provides a feasible and cost-effective solution for users who cannot operate a conventional joystick-based wheelchair. This paper presents the development of a voice-controlled wheelchair using a microcontroller, voice recognition module, and motor driver to translate spoken commands into directional movement. Commands such as "forward", "backward", "left", "right", and "stop" are processed in real-time, allowing fully hands-free control. The system incorporates safety features, reliable motion control, and efficient hardware-software integration. A review of related technologies highlights the growing importance of smart mobility aids. The proposed system provides an accessible and affordable assistive device for disabled individuals, significantly enhancing their independence and quality of life

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Voice control, wheelchair automation, speech recognition, assistive technology, embedded systems, mobility

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common form of dementia and remains one of the greatest challenges in modern medicine. Current treatments, such as cholinesterase inhibitors and NMDA receptor antagonists, only provide symptomatic relief without slowing disease progression. In recent years, monoclonal antibodies targeting amyloid-beta (A?) pathology have gained attention as potential disease-modifying therapies. Among these, Leqembi (lecanemab) has emerged as a milestone in Alzheimer's research and treatment. Leqembi is a humanized IgG1 monoclonal antibody that binds selectively to soluble amyloid-beta protofibrils, preventing their aggregation into insoluble plaques and enhancing their clearance by immune mechanisms. By targeting the root pathological process, it helps reduce amyloid burden and slows neurodegeneration. The Phase III CLARITY-AD clinical trial (2022) demonstrated that lecanemab slowed cognitive and functional decline by approximately 27% in early-stage Alzheimer's patients compared with placebo. Despite its promise, challenges remain. The most notable adverse effects are amyloid-related imaging abnormalities (ARIA), including brain edema and micro-hemorrhages, which require careful MRI monitoring. High cost, limited accessibility, and the need for further long-term studies also restrict its widespread use. In conclusion, the approval of Leqembi in 2023 by the FDA represents a significant shift from symptomatic management to disease-modifying therapy in Alzheimer's disease. This project reviews its pharmacology, clinical benefits, safety concerns, and future prospects, highlighting its role as a groundbreaking step in neurodegenerative drug development.

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 Keywords

Leqembi, Lecanemab, Alzheimer's disease, Monoclonal antibody, Amyloid-beta, Neurodegeneration.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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This article explores the intersection of technology and criminal justice reform in India. It highlights the opportunities presented by technological advancements such as AI, blockchain, big data analytics, and digital forensics while also discussing the challenges, including privacy concerns, the digital divide, and legal ambiguities.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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Criminal Justice, Technology, AI, Blockchain, Legal Reforms

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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Epilepsy, including syndromes like Lennox-Gastaut syndrome (LGS), focal seizures, and generalized tonic-clonic seizures, requires tailored anticonvulsant therapies to optimize efficacy and minimize adverse effects. This comprehensive review compares clobazam, a 1,5-benzodiazepine that enhances GABAergic neurotransmission with reduced sedation (Sankar, 2012; Gauthier & Mattson, 2015), and carbamazepine, a sodium channel blocker effective for partial and tonic-clonic seizures but associated with enzyme induction and cutaneous risks (French, 1994; Kehoe & Haw, 2020). Drawing from pharmacological, clinical, and neuropharmacological data, the analysis evaluates their physical and chemical properties, modes of action, advantages (e.g., clobazam's long-term efficacy in LGS; carbamazepine's versatility in neuropathic pain), disadvantages (e.g., clobazam's dependence risk; carbamazepine's hematologic toxicity), side effect profiles, toxicity (including teratogenicity), withdrawal symptoms, age-specific usage, and non-anticonvulsant applications (e.g., clobazam for anxiety; carbamazepine for bipolar disorder). Findings indicate clobazam offers a favorable safety profile for refractory pediatric epilepsy (Klehm et al., 2014), while carbamazepine excels in focal seizures but demands monitoring for interactions (Marson et al., 2002). Personalized treatment, considering patient age, seizure type, and comorbidities, is recommended to enhance quality of life and adherence (Samanta, 2021; Strzelczyk & Schubert-Bast, 2022). Future research should address gaps in long-term comparative trials.

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 Keywords

Clobazam, Carbamazepine, Lennox-Gastaut syndrome, Focal seizures, Generalized Tonic-Clonic seizures, Side effect profile, Anticonvulsant therapy, Neuropharmacology.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

Poor aqueous solubility remains one of the major challenges in the development of orally administered drug molecules, particularly those falling under BCS Class II and IV. Low solubility leads to inadequate dissolution, poor absorption, and ultimately reduced bioavailability, limiting therapeutic efficacy. Therefore, enhancing the solubility and bioavailability of such drugs has become a key focus in modern pharmaceutics. Various formulation and technological approached--including particle size reduction, solid dispersions, lipid-based systems, complexation, nanotechnology-based carriers, and supersaturation-enhancing systems--have been developd to address these limitations. Each technique offers unique advantages in improving dissolution rate, permeability, and stability of poorly soluble drugs. This review summarizes the principles, mechanisms, benefits, and applications of the major bioavailability enhancement strategies, highlighting their potential to optimize drug performance and support successful pharmaceutical development.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Bioavailability, poorly soluble drugs, Low aqueous solubility, Dissolution rate, solubility enhancement, permeability enhancement, micronization, Nanonization, Nanosuspensions, Solid dispersion, spray drying, PH modification, Salt fformatio.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition