Volume 8 | Issue 12 |

 Abstract

Every citizen of India has fundamental rights guaranteed under the Indian Constitution and hence the Nation is obligated to furnish the quality of life to its subjects the citizens. But on the other hand, it is unfortunate to say that a country like India has no proper implementation of prisoner�s rights. This paper mainly focuses on the right of Prisoners including those who are under trial and the responsibility of both legislation and judiciary to provide such fundamental rights which are very essential for the survival of humans which also includes personal liberty not just mere animal existence. This paper also covers the International as well as judicial perspective regarding the rights of prisoners as the honorable Supreme Court has highlighted that a prisoner, be it a convict or an under-trial, does not cease to be a living being and, while lodged in four walls of the jail, he appreciates all his fundamental rights pleaded under the Constitution including the right to life. The author of this paper also focuses on the role of Jail authority and their liability for the suffering of prisoners during the time of Pandemic �COVID- 19�.

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 Keywords

Constitution of India, Indian Judiciary, Indian Prison System, Pandemic COVID-19, Prisoner�s Right.

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Many regions in the world, including Logar province, Afghanistan, are prone to floods and droughts and efficient infrastructure, which will mitigate floods with water collection and subsequent water usage during drought periods along with the decrease of water loss evaporation, for the irrigation purposes are required for the permanent investigation and improvement. The aim of this research is to analyze and prepare inventory of the irrigation system in Logar province, Afghanistan, for the further investigation and development of the applied sustainable water resource programs. The research area is Logar province, which is one of the 34 provinces, located in the South-East of Afghanistan. 90 % of Logar populations are involved in agriculture. Research methods are comparative - descriptive method and review of publications, analysis of statistical data, study and comparison of the different irrigation technologies used by farmers in Logar province. The preliminary results show that there are four types of irrigation systems in Logar: (a) main irrigation canals feeding from the Logar River; (b) secondary subsidiary canals, or irrigation schemes, feeding from the main irrigation canal (a); (c) ancient Karez: underground lateral water channels; (d) artesian nonrenewable groundwater resources, with intensive pumping. There are big water losses in the canals due to the evaporations and old cracked networking facilities. Moreover, intensive water pumping has depleted the underground water resources, which also influenced and shortened the water supply into the Karez networks. Climate Change requires adaption and upgrades of the irrigation system. There are two main trends in irrigation system improvement: one is related to the construction of the big dams, to hold a big amount of water and the next chain of the irrigation channels; another to restore the old, existing ancient karez channels with sustainable small technologies upgrades. India`s Paani Foundation is using the second approach now to mitigate the water crisis by combining the old traditional manual build channel with modern managed aquifer recharge (MAR) technologies, supported by the intensive scientific research support ( https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-8nqnOcoLqE&ab_channel=AndrewMillison). Technologies as MAR to support adequate flood-drought management systems combined with the retention ponds infrastructure, similarly to India`s Paani Foundation, may provide the sustainable solution to improve the irrigation system in Afghanistan. The further investigation of the sustainable irrigation technologies is required.

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 Keywords

Afghanistan, Logar, Karez, Irrigation system, water losses.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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I often heard that so and so is an entrepreneur who has started his or her own business. It is also very confusing for me to differntiate with the two terms bussinessman and entrepreneur.I tend to associate both the words. This actually kept me in dilemma for years.Later on when studied many articles about entrepreneur and start ups I am able to demarcate clearly between the two. In a simple words my definition of entrepreneur is a person who is self - employed and give employment to others.Other definitions are -

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Entrepreneur- Multi-Tasker

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Horticulture sector requires large volume of water. With the growing demand of the products but lacking resources like land and fresh water, practice of protected cultivation and drip irrigation method seem to be a boon for the farmers and nursery men. Drip irrigation, also known as micro-irrigation is one of the new method of irrigation and is mostly preferred as the mode of irrigation. It is high water use efficient ensuring uniform and quality production. In drip irrigation the water reaches the root zone of the flower crops directly with minimum mater loss. Drip irrigation is also called trickle irrigation as it involves dripping water into the soil at very low rates (2-18 litres/hour) from a system plastic pipes fitted having small diameter with outlets which are known as emitters or drippers. Micro irrigation is one of the best method of irrigation for the flower crops, home gardens, lawns, orchards, row crops, in sloppy field, open field, under protected cultivation. Fertigation term comes from fertilizer + irrigation, that is dissolving of soluble fertilizers in water and supply to the crops through irrigation method. Commercial flowers are mostly grown under protected condition to get round the year production. Most crops are water sensitive. Therefore, irrigation and its methods play a vital role for the quality production of crops. The response of different flowering crops to micro irrigation in protected cultivation is reviewed here.

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 Keywords

Micro-irrigation, Drippers, Fertigation, Protected Cultivation

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EQUITY RESEARCH ANALYSIS ON TYRE INDUSTRY IN INDIA WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TO MRF TYRES AND APOLLO TYRES

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Fundamental analysis, MRF tyres, APOLLO tyres, Equity research

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The aim of this work is to establish a structure-activity relationship analysis of a series of benzimidazole derivatives and evaluate their binding mode. Benzimidazole derivatives were designed and evaluated for their antiviral activity against maize dwarf mosaic virus. Through molecular modeling the representation of 3D structures of antiviral molecules is done with the help of computerized techniques based on theoretical methods and experimental data. MDMV is targeted for the analysis as it infectivity on plants shows low or stunned growth in plants and its leaves thereby making a heavy loss to commercial value of the plant. MDMV is pathogenic plant virus of potyviridae family and its strains are A, C, D, E, and F which shows severe implications on plant leaves which turn into a mosaic pattern. The viral protein was modeled by homology modeling by selecting templates from the PDB database through alignment searching. The activity sites were identified in the target protein structure as cavities within the tool for docking studies. The docking studies were performed with the series of modeled molecules of 4-Floro-1-H (?-D-ribofuranosyl), 4-Chloro-1-H (?-D-ribofuranosyl), 4-Methylketon-1-H (?-D-ribofuranosyl), 4-Monochloromethyl-1-H (?-D-ribofuranosyl) benzimidazole nucleoside in which interaction between protein and ligand was analyzed.

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Molecular docking; benzimidazole nucleosides; molecular modeling; MDMV.

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This study has been the research towards the psychology of individuals in the society, which helps in understanding the strength of collective emotions as well as group psychology and how we can transform towards constructive goals. It is made to understand and overcome the psychological burdens and the reasons and ways towards transformation. The most alarming fact and importance of this research, is the data published by WHO, regarding the number of suicide cases throughout the world. The report by WHO, is as follows: "Close to 800 000 people die due to suicide every year, which is one person every 40 seconds. Suicide is a global phenomenon and occurs throughout the lifespan. Effective and evidence-based interventions can be implemented at population, sub-population and individual levels to prevent suicide and suicide attempts. There are indications that for each adult who died by suicide there may have been more than 20 others attempting suicide." "Suicide is a global phenomenon; in fact, 79% of suicides occurred in low- and middle-income countries in 2016. Suicide accounted for 1.4% of all deaths worldwide, making it the 18th leading cause of death in 2016." The research has more to do with post corona situation and the way things deal with calamities of higher order.

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Suicide, group, collective, emotions, WHO, report, overcome, transformation, corona

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For every Economy, money is its vital force. Money arises when the unlimited wants and needs of people are not met by the barter system and at the same time something which can satisfies the "double consent of wants". On 8 November 2016, around 8pm, the Indian Prime Minister announced a demonstration. As of 9 November 2016, the Five hundred and One thousand rupee notes were invalid, with the exception of some basic services. The aim of demonetization is to get rid of black money, eliminate counterfeit banknotes, stop money laundering, and make India a tax compliant country. In addition to these immediate and primary goals, the focus is on promoting cashless transactions. Non-cash transactions with credit and debit cards, online payment portals, and digital portfolios for financial transactions. The aim of this analysis is to examine the effects of demonetization on digital payment systems, especially private prepaid instruments that grew aggressively during the demonetization period, and to identify the various factors responsible for supporting their growth.

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Demonetization, Prepaid Instruments, Digital Payment System

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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An energy efficient IoT virtualization framework with peer-to-peer (P2P) networking and edge processing is proposed. In this network, the IoT task processing requests are served by peers. IoT objects and relays that host virtual machines (VMs) represents the peers in the proposed P2P network. We have considered three scenarios to investigate the saving in power consumption and the system capabilities in terms of task processing. The first scenario is a �relays only� scenario, where the task requests are processed using relays only. The second scenario is an �objects only� scenario, where the task requests are processed using the IoT objects only. The last scenario is a hybrid scenario, where the task requests are processed using both IoT objects and VMs. We have developed a mixed integer linear programming (MILP) model to maximize the number of processing tasks served by the system, and minimize the total power consumed by the IoT network. Based on the MILP model principles, we developed an energy efficient virtualized IoT P2P networks heuristic (EEVIPN). Our results show that the hybrid scenario serves up to 77% (57% on average) processing task requests, but with higher energy consumption compared to the other scenarios. The relays only scenario serves 74% (57% on average) of the processing task requests with 8% saving in power consumption compared to the hybrid scenario. In contrast, 28% (22% on average) of task requests can be handled by the objects only scenario with up to 62% power saving compared to the hybrid scenario.

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 Keywords

Power saving, Processing task request, Scenarios.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Cloud Computing , Virtualization , Data Centers

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition