Volume 13 | Issue 12 |

 Abstract

The process through which people generate ideas and solve problems is at the core of every innovation strategy. Innovation approaches have up to now relied on human decision-making or planning, which is what academics and practitioners refer to as this aspect of innovation. Statistics and algorithms are at the heart of innovation initiatives thanks to artificial intelligence (AI). AI is just another example of a virtual technology that doesn't really challenge what we already know about design, like so many others. A cutting-edge theoretical framework might not be able to capture the design changes it introduces. This is a conceptual framework for comprehending design and innovation in the AI era. The change in consciousness necessitates new ideas and modernizes leadership, which is by its very nature a sense-making activity. It leads to revised guidelines on the development of design and innovation in organizations. This paper aims to say about AI in different views from a various reviews of literature.

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Innovation Strategy, Algorithms, Virtual Technology, Applications, Communication Technologies.

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Ayurved is comprehence by eight branches, Agad is one among that. This branch primarily focuses on the Nidan and Chikitsa of toxins derived from natural and artificial sources, as well as cumulative toxins from substances that may abuse or addict human health. The term Agad itself signifies antidote. In Ayurvedic literature, various Agad Kalpas are described, among which Churnagad is notable. It was described by Acharya Shodhal in the Gadnigraha Samhita. The Phalashruti of this Agad mentions its efficacy in treating Charachar Visham, indicating its potency against a wide range of poisons.

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Ayurveda, Agada Tantra, Vi?ahara, Mandali Sarpa Visha Chikitsa, Churna Agad.

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Abstract White spot lesions (WSLs) constitute a significant clinical complication in orthodontics, resulting from enamel demineralization around fixed appliances. This comprehensive literature review examines current evidence on the incidence, risk factors, and prevention of WSLs in orthodontic patients. Analysis of recent studies indicates that WSL incidence varies substantially (20-90%), with adolescent patients demonstrating the highest susceptibility (50-60% incidence). Key risk factors include inadequate oral hygiene, prolonged treatment duration (>24 months), frequent cariogenic dietary intake, and insufficient fluoride exposure. Maxillary anterior teeth, particularly lateral incisors and canines, are most commonly affected. Contemporary preventive strategies encompass multimodal approaches combining patient education, professional fluoride applications, fluoride-releasing materials, and remineralizing agents. Advanced detection technologies like quantitative light-induced fluorescence enhance early intervention capabilities. This review emphasizes the necessity for orthodontists to implement evidence-based preventive protocols throughout treatment to minimize this prevalent iatrogenic complication and ensure optimal treatment outcomes.

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White spot lesions, enamel demineralization, orthodontic treatment, fixed appliances, caries prevention, fluoride, oral hygiene.

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Cholelithiasis is a common preclinical condition which is silent but evolves into grave complications. Cholelithiasis is one of the most common disease of biliary tree. It is a condition characterized by the formation of calculi within the gallbladder or biliary tract which results from a combination of several factors, including super saturation of bile with cholesterol, accelerated nucleation of cholesterol monohydrate in bile, and bile stasis or delayed gallbladder emptying due to impaired gallbladder motility. In India it is more common in women in north, north-east and east as compared to other zones in the country. In Ayurveda cholelithiasis is referred as "Pittashmari" with an imbalance of pitta and kapha doshas leading to the formation of stones in the gallbladder. Features and management of cholelithiasis can be outlined among various disorders like Gulma, Pittaja Udarashoola, Shakashritha kamala and Yakruthdalyodhara. This paper aims to delve into the Ayurvedic understanding of cholelithiasis, concept of Accha Pitta, explore the role of Dosha imbalance, Agni dysfunction, Ama formation, and Srotas obstruction as a cause for gall bladder stone formation and Sampr?pti interpretation of Pittashmari with colelitheasis and the clinical features and its management is outlined among various disorders like Gulma, Pittaja Udarashoola, Shakashritha Kamala and Yakruthdalyodhara. A conceptual bridge is built to integrate traditional insights with contemporary knowledge.

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Cholelithiasis, Pittashmari, Gall stones, Ashmari, Accha Pitta

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Non-banking financial institutions (NBFIs) are an important constituent of India's financial system. NBFCs are registered companies, both government and non-government, which engage in credit intermediation and facilitate last-mile credit delivery to unbanked and under banked sectors. They are also at the forefront of the digital transformation of the lending space, leveraging technology to offer tailor-made credit offerings to customers. NBFCs regulated by the Reserve Bank are a group of heterogeneous financial entities operating with diverse business strategies. During 2023-24, the NBFC sector remained healthy, with sustained double digit balance sheet growth. The importance of NBFCs in domestic credit intermediation is rising. Innovative approaches like the first loss default guarantee (FLDG) framework and the co-lending model have the potential to help NBFCs in expanding their footprint. Besides the challenges emanating from cyber security threats, NBFCs need to be mindful of the evolving concentration risk and climate-related financial risks associated with credit to certain sectors. The dependence of NBFCs on banks remains high, notwithstanding some moderation; NBFCs need to further diversify their sources of funds as a risk mitigation strategy.

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NBFCs, leveraging, heterogeneous, co-lending, first loss default guarantee (FLDG) etc.

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Contemporary educational leadership demands more than academic expertise--it requires the capacity to adapt, stay composed during uncertainty, and guide teams through evolving school environments. This article examines how adaptability and coping skills strengthen leadership effectiveness in K-12 settings. Drawing from school-based experiences, leadership development frameworks, and organisational behaviour principles, the paper illustrates how adaptable leaders navigate rapid changes, support staff, and maintain stability. Practical strategies are also presented to help emerging and experienced leaders build resilience, improve decision-making, and nurture a positive school culture.

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Educational leadership, adaptability, coping skills, school management, resilience, teacher leadership, organisational change.

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-- In Indian context due to cultural diversity and difference languages in use, it's very of important to understand the language being spoken. It becomes even important when different spoken language team's come together for common goal. To handle this challenge, Spoken Language Identification (SLID) helps to automatically determine the language without having any background of the specific language. This applies even for foreign languages. people from different countries are coming together virtually or face to face. In India and global scenario identification becomes very challenging due to linguistic diversity, diverse phonetics, un developed or limited used language, dialectal variations and code mixing. This study provides more insights on the various major approaches studied, followed and ongoing development on SLID Mainly in SLID classical machine learning methods such as Support Vector Machines (SVM), K-Nearest Neighbors (KNN), Random Forests (RF), Extreme Learning Machines (ELM) and contemporary deep learning methods, including Convolutional Neural Networks (CNN), Recurrent Neural Networks with Long Short-Term Memory (RNN-LSTM), Deep Neural Networks (DNN), Convolutional Recurrent Networks (CRNN), and ensemble learning architectures are used. We intend to analyze trends in feature extraction, including MFCC, Melspectrogram, i-vectors and self-supervised embedding like wav2vec. Challenges in real-world SLID, such as short utterances, noise robustness, and multilingual speech datasets. The proposed workflow integrates preprocessing, feature extraction, DL training, and classification, demonstrating potential for robust SLID in multilingual and noisy environments.

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Spoken Language Identification, Deep Learning, Indian Languages, CNN, LSTM, ELM, CRNN

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Drug abuse and illegal trafficking of drugs have become major social and legal challenges in India, demanding strong laws and coordinated action. Narcotic drugs such as opium, morphine, heroin, and psychotropic substances like MDMA, LSD, and amphetamines affect both the body and mind, often leading to addiction, behavioral changes, and long-term health damage. India faces a unique situation because it legally cultivates opium in selected regions while simultaneously battling large networks of illegal production and smuggling. Under strict government licensing, opium poppy is grown legally only in parts of Madhya Pradesh, Rajasthan, and Uttar Pradesh, mainly for medicinal and scientific purposes, but in contrast, illegal cultivation is frequently reported in Himachal Pradesh, Uttarakhand, Jharkhand, and certain Northeastern states where cannabis and poppy crops are secretly grown and circulated through peddlers and organized groups. The NDPS ACT of 1985 was introduced to control this rising misuse by regulating the cultivation, manufacturing, sale, transport, and consumption of narcotic and psychotropic substances. While the act provides strict punishments, it has also brought attention to cases where enforcement agencies may have acted with limited evidence. High-profile examples like Sushant Singh Rajput MDMA related investigation have sparked national debates about prosecution standards, evidence quality, and treatment of young individuals under stringent drug laws. Despite its strengths, the NDPS Act requires modifications to address modern challenges. A balanced approach is needed, one that strengthens actions against smuggling and organized cultivation but also prioritizes rehabilitation for drug-dependent individuals. Better training, technology-based monitoring, and clearer guidelines for evidence collection can make implementation more humane. Overall, India's fight against drug abuse demands a system that is strict where necessary, yet compassionate and fair in its treatment of individuals.

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NDPS Act of 1985, drug abuse, narcotic drugs, psychotropic substances, Sushant Singh case, Aryan Khan case, smuggling, peddling, MDMA.

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The landscape of Hindi cinema has undergone a marked transformation, with an increasing number of narratives foregrounding women as complex, self-directed protagonists. This study examines the evolution of female-centric storytelling in new-age Bollywood movies. While traditional narratives have long reinforced patriarchal norms, recent films indicate a growing willingness within the industry to question established hierarchies and portray women as independent, complex individuals. Female-centric narratives demonstrate a deliberate departure from earlier portrayals that confined women to domesticity, sacrifice, and moral rigidity. These films centre women's agency, aspirations, and emotional depth, signalling a broader transformation in cinematic storytelling. Simultaneously, films like Thappad and Piku foreground issues of consent, autonomy, and societal complicity in normalizing gender-based violence. By challenging long-held assumptions about marriage, respectability, and victim-blaming, such narratives foster critical public reflection on patriarchal structures.

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Keywords: Bollywood, Gender, Female, Gender Stereotypes, Storytelling

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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