Volume 13 | Issue 12 |

 Abstract

Diabetic retinopathy (DR) represents a major microvascular complication of diabetes mellitus and remains the leading cause of preventable blindness in working-aged adults worldwide. With the global burden of diabetes escalating, the prevalence of DR is projected to increase from 103.12 million affected individuals in 2020 to 160.5 million by 2045. The pathophysiology of DR involves complex, interconnected biochemical pathways including polyol pathway activation, advanced glycation end-product formation, protein kinase C dysregulation, and oxidative stress, all of which culminate in retinal vascular dysfunction, inflammation, and neurodegeneration. Traditionally managed through laser photocoagulation and vitrectomy, DR treatment has been revolutionized by anti-vascular endothelial growth factor therapies. Recent advances have introduced novel therapeutic modalities including next-generation bispecific antibodies such as faricimab, gene therapy approaches targeting mechanistic pathways, stem cell-based regenerative treatments, and systemic agents like sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitors. This comprehensive review examines the molecular mechanisms underlying DR pathogenesis, discusses established treatment paradigms, and explores emerging therapeutic strategies that promise to transform disease management and improve visual outcomes for millions of patients globally.

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Diabetic retinopathy, pathophysiology, anti-VEGF therapy, gene therapy, novel treatments, stem cell therapy.

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

Capivasertib (AZD5363, Truqap) is a novel, orally active, selective pan-AKT inhibitor developed for the treatment of cancers driven by dysregulation of the phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase (PI3K)/AKT/mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling pathway. Aberrant activation of this pathway is frequently observed in various malignancies and is associated with uncontrolled cell proliferation, enhanced survival, metabolic reprogramming, and resistance to conventional anticancer therapies. Capivasertib exerts its anticancer effect by competitively inhibiting all three AKT isoforms (AKT1, AKT2, and AKT3), thereby suppressing downstream signaling involved in tumor growth and progression. Extensive preclinical studies demonstrated significant antitumor activity of capivasertib, particularly in cancer models harboring PI3K, AKT, or PTEN alterations. Subsequent clinical trials, including phase I, II, and III studies, established its safety, pharmacokinetic profile, and clinical efficacy. Notably, capivasertib in combination with fulvestrant has shown improved progression-free survival in patients with hormone receptor-positive, HER2-negative advanced breast cancer, especially in biomarker-positive populations. Although the drug is associated with manageable adverse effects such as diarrhea, hyperglycemia, and rash, appropriate monitoring and dose modifications enhance its tolerability. This review provides a comprehensive and updated overview of the mechanism of action, pharmacological properties, preclinical and clinical evidence, safety profile, advantages, limitations, and future prospects of capivasertib as a targeted anticancer therapy.

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

: Capivasertib, AKT inhibitor, PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway, targeted therapy, breast cancer, precision oncology.

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

Mathematics is the foundation on which artificial intelligence (AI) are built to give us the basic frameworks and tools to construct complex algorithms and models, enabling machines to process data, learn, and make predictions.

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Artificial Intelligence (AI), Machine Learning (ML), Linear Algebra, Eigen values

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

This project is an AI-driven platform that helps users create, analyze, and verify professional documents. It includes features such as a Resume Builder, Resume Analyzer, Cover Letter Generator, Certificate Verification system, and an Admin Dashboard in one application

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

The platform uses artificial intelligence to build and assess resumes. It analyzes resume text, identifies skills, and matches profiles with job requirements using smart comparison techniques. The system generates scores and insights that support career guidance and efficient hiring decisions. Additionally, it provides clear feedback to help users improve resume quality and job relevance.

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

Alternative medicine refers to a varied set of healthcare systems and practices that exist outside of traditional Western medicine. These therapies focus on holistic healing, natural medicines, and the integration of mind, body, and spirit. Ayurveda, Traditional Chinese therapy (TCM), homeopathy, yoga, meditation, herbal therapy, and manipulative therapies have all been used for millennia and are gaining popularity around the globe. The purpose of this review is to provide a comprehensive overview of alternative medicine, including its history, classification, major therapeutic systems, efficacy evidence, potential hazards, and position in integrative healthcare. While scientific confirmation differs by modality, some techniques, including acupuncture, yoga, meditation, massage therapy, and herbal medicine, show promise results when applied correctly. The review emphasizes the significance of evidence-based integration, patient safety, and informed decision-making in the implementation of alternative medicine in modern healthcare systems.

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Ayurveda, Traditional Chinese Medicine, Yoga, Herbal Medicine, Alternative Medicine, Integrative Healthcare.

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

Artificial Intelligence (AI) has emerged as a transformative force in modern management, reshaping decision-making processes, operational efficiency, and strategic planning. The integration of AI-driven tools enables managers to analyze large volumes of data, predict trends, and improve organizational performance. This research paper examines the role of Artificial Intelligence in management practices and analyzes managerial perceptions regarding its adoption and impact. The study is based on primary data collected from 158 respondents across various managerial levels and sectors. Descriptive and demographic analyses were used to interpret the data. The findings indicate that AI significantly enhances decision accuracy, productivity, and resource optimization, while concerns related to skills gaps and ethical challenges persist. The study provides valuable insights for managers, policymakers, and organizations aiming to leverage AI for sustainable competitive advantage.

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Artificial Intelligence, Management, Decision Making, Technology Adoption, Organizational Performance

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

'???????': ?? ?????? ????? ?? ??????? ?????? ?????? ?? ?? ?????? ????? ??????? ?? ????? ???? ??? ????? ???????? ???? ????? ?? ????? ???? ?? ?? ?? ???????? ???? ????? ??? ????? ???????? ?? ?????? ???? ?? ?? ??? ???????? ???? ????????? ????? ??? ????? ????? ???? ???? ??, ??? ?? ???? ???

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

???????, ?????? ??????, ?????????, ????????????? ????????

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

Conventional hair dyes often contain chemicals such as ammonia, parabens, and para-phenylenediamine (PPD), which may lead scalp irritation , hair damage, and pose long term health risks. With the growing Consumers demand for a safer options, herbal based hair dyes have emerged as a promising alternative. This study presents the development of an herbal hair dye that combines safety with effective performance. The composition contain plant based ingredients identified for their versatile function providing coloration strengthening hair texture preventing hair fall ,,hair loss promoting scalp health. Selected herbal ingredients include coconut coir, almond powder, amla, indigo powder, henna powder, coffee powder, reetha, shikakai, and baheda. The formulation was evaluated for organoleptic, physicochemical, phytochemical, rheological properties, efficacy, and shelf life. The final product exhibited excellent colour intensity ,adherence ,longevity and sterility, suggesting its potential as a safer alternative to synthetic hair dyes.

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

herbal hair dye, henna, indigo, natural colorants, cosmetic formulation

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

?????? : ?????? ?? ??????? ?? ?????? ?? ?? ???????? ??????? ?? ???? ?? ?????? ?????? ????? ??? ??? ?????? ??????? ?? ?????? ?? ??????? ????????? ?? ??????? ???????? ??? ?????? ???? ?? ???? ??, ???? ?? ???????? ??? ???? ?? ???? ???????? ????? ????? ???? ?? ????????, ???????, ?????? ? ???????????? ??????????? ?? ????? ?? ????????? ?? ?????? ??? ????? ??? ????? ??? ?????? ??? ????? ?? ???????? ?? ???-??? ????????? ?? ????? ?? ?????? ???? ??? ??? ???????? ????? ?? ???? ????? ????????? ????, ???? ????? ? ???????? ?? ?????? ???? ???? ????????? ?? ??? ?? ???? ???????? ????? ??? ???? ?? ???? ????? ???? ?? ??? ???? ?? ??????? ??????? ????? ??? ???????????? ????? ?????? ??? ?? ?????? ?? ??????? ?? ???????? ????? ??? ??? ?? ???? ?? ?????? ?? ?????? ?????? ?? ?????? ????????? ???????? ?? ???????? ?? ???? ?? ???? ??? ???

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

????????: ????, ????, ?????, ???????, ??????, ???????? ????? ?????, ????? ?????

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

Unemployment among educated youth in India has emerged as a serious socio- economic challenge. Despite acquiring academic challenge. despite acquiring academic qualifications. many young individuals are unable to secure suitable employment due to factors such as skill mismatch lack of practical training , limited job opportunities ,slow economics growth .this problem requires policy reforms industry academia collaboration and skill development initiatives to bridge the gap between education and employability

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Job crisis, Skill gap Government policies, job mismatch, Private sector jobs

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition