Volume 12 | Issue 11 |

 Abstract

Today's enterprise landscape is witnessing an unprecedented surge in Generative AI (GenAI) adoption across diverse applications, from customer service to healthcare solutions. However, the development and deployment of these systems involve substantial operational expenditure (OpEx) that differs significantly from traditional software costs. This research examines the evolving cost landscape facing technology companies transitioning from conventional software to GenAI applications. Analysis of recent market data reveals that AI spending reached $13.8 billion in the United States in 2024, more than six times the $2.3 billion spent in 2023, indicating a clear shift from experimentation to enterprise-wide implementation. Through detailed case studies and empirical analysis, we present a novel framework for understanding and optimizing GenAI implementation costs while maintaining performance benchmarks. The study's findings demonstrate that effective cost management strategies can reduce operational expenses by 30-45% while preserving model quality, providing critical insights for organizations scaling their GenAI deployments.

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 Keywords

Generative AI, Operational Expenditure, Scalable Infrastructure, Model Efficiency, Return on Investment.

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The study assessed the impacts caused by the online marketing strategies on consumer satisfaction towards FMCG products and evaluates the challenges faced by them in purchasing these products that are marketed online. The study follows a descriptive research design based on describing the status of affairs as derived from the opinions online consumers towards the satisfaction level attained based on the online marketing strategies in rural areas. The study will use interview schedule based enumerators and the schedule was framed based on the variables measuring the consumers' satisfaction and challenges faced by the rural consumers based on online marketing of FMCG products. The study involved the FMCG products of Personal Care and Food Products Category which is are purchased by rural consumers using online shopping methods. The sampling frame includes consumers residing in rural areas of Salem district 13 Taluks where top five revenue generating taluks are selecting involving the areas of Salem, Salem West, Salem South, Mettur and Sankagiri. The study will collect data from these taluks based on the rural areas classification. The study will use snowball sampling for the selection of sample in the final stage of the study. The sampling size of the study will consist of 250 which involve 50 consumers from each revenue taluk of Salem District. The exploratory factor analysis will be used to examine the impacts caused by online marketing on customer satisfaction and various challenges faced by rural consumers. It has also been shown that when the digital infrastructure in the rural areas to increases, their approach to online buying tends to become more hopeful which will further boost their attitude towards online shopping.

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Online Marketing, Digital Infrastructure, Rural Consumers, Customer Satisfaction and Salem District

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

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Muktijuddha, Novel

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

Gandhiyug Me Lucknow Ev Prayagnraj Ki Mahila Swatantrata Senani

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Gandhiyug Me Lucknow Ev Prayagnraj Ki Mahila Swatantrata Senani

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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?????? ???????? ???????? ?????? ????? ?????? ?? ???? ?? ?????????? ?? ??? ???? ??? ?? ?? ?? ?? ?????? ????? ???? ????? ?????? ?? ????? ?? ???? ??? ?? ????? ?????? ?? ????? ??? ?? ????? ?? ??? ????? ?? ????? ??? ??? ?? ?????? ??????? ?????? ?????? ??? ?? ??????? ??????, ??????, ???????? ?? ??????? ???????? ?? ?????? ?????? ??????? ?? ???? ??? ??? ?? ???????, ???????? ?????? ?? ??? ????? ?????? ???? ??????? ?????? ??????? ?? ???? ?? ????? ???? ??? ???? ???????? ?? ????? ?? ??? ?????????? ?????? ??? ?? ?? ???? ????????? ?? ???? ?? ?

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????? ????, ???????? ??????, ??????? ?????? , ?? ??????? ?

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Nanoparticles Possess come an effective approach for treating colourful conditions, similar as cancer, cardiovascular conditions, and seditious diseases. Different types of Nanoparticle like Poly patches, micelles, liposome, dendrites, and amount blotches, carbon nanotubes and gold nanoparticle have been developed and examined for medical use. Still, one major challenge for NPS is reaching the target point in the right quantum while avoiding accumulation in unwanted areas. The distribution of NPS in the body is controlled by colourful natural walls. For NPS delivered into the bloodstream, walls include (1) concurrence by the vulnerable system within the spleen and liver, (2) passing into the endothelium the target Atkins, (3) moving through the towel interstitial, (4) uptake by target cells through endocytosis, (5) prolixity within the cell's (6) The entering to the nexus, if demanded. NP scan also be delivered through other routes like the mucosal membranes and skin in the lungs, nose bowel, and the vagina, but in these situations, towel opposition to can hamper delivery, this evaluation looks at the present knowledge of how the nanoparticle pass through these Natural walls, fastening on transport walls rather than vulnerable walls. It also discusses strategies for designing NPS to overcome these challenges.

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(NP) Nanoparticles, Liposomes, Skin Mucosal Membrane, penetration

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Pharmacovigilance is defined by the World Health Organization (WHO) as the science and activities related to the detection, assessment, understanding, and prevention of adverse drug reactions (ADRs) and other medicine-related problems. It plays a critical role in ensuring drug safety throughout a drug's lifecycle. Despite its importance, under-reporting of ADRs remains a significant global challenge due to factors such as lack of time and awareness among healthcare professionals. The WHO has initiated programs to promote ADR reporting and enhance drug safety monitoring. The history of pharmacovigilance highlights its evolution, including the thalidomide tragedy of the 1960s, which underscored the necessity of stringent drug safety protocols. In India, pharmacovigilance began formally in 1986 and has since developed into a robust system supported by WHO and the National Pharmacovigilance Program. Pharmacovigilance is essential to identify rare and long-term adverse effects, especially in vulnerable populations like children, pregnant women, and the elderly. The primary goals of pharmacovigilance include early detection of ADRs, risk-benefit analysis, and educating healthcare professionals and patients about safe drug use. Addressing ADRs requires systematic documentation, reporting, and monitoring to ensure safer medicines and improve patient care. While challenges such as under-reporting persist, the collective efforts of healthcare providers and regulators can strengthen pharmacovigilance systems worldwide. This abstract emphasizes the importance of pharmacovigilance in safeguarding public health and highlights its impact on enhancing drug safety through effective ADR monitoring and reporting.

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Pharmacovigilance, Adverse Drug Reactions (ADRs), Drug Safety Monitoring, WHO Pharmacovigilance Program, National Pharmacovigilance System

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Abstract- The lecture model of teaching has been a traditional and widely used method in education for centuries. This model involves an instructor delivering a structured presentation to a group of students, who are typically expected to take notes and absorb the information presented. While the lecture model has faced criticism for being passive and less engaging, it continues to be a prevalent teaching strategy in many educational institutions.

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1. Information Delivery: The primary focus is on the instructor presenting information, often in a linear and organized manner. 2. Note-Taking: Students are expected to take notes during the lecture, which helps them retain and review the material later. 3. Limited Interaction: Interaction between the instructor and students is usually minimal, with the main interaction occurring through questions and answers at the end of the lecture. 4. Efficiency: Lectures can efficiently cover a large amo

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This paper examines the conflicts surrounding gender-specific movement within Islamic households, with a particular focus on the principles of visual privacy as outlined in Islamic teachings. Visual privacy, in this context, is defined as the ability to carry out daily activities within the home without being seen or fearing being observed by outsiders. The design of urban dwellings often influences the level of residential visual privacy, especially in homes owned or rented by Islamic families, which may not always conform to the privacy guidelines prescribed in the Quran and Hadith. The study analyzes 22 Islamic dwellings, assessing them based on three key sub-principles of visual privacy. The findings indicate that many homes face challenges in facilitating free movement, suggesting a need for more culturally appropriate zoning solutions to safeguard the privacy rights of Islamic residents. In conclusion, this study underscores the critical importance of visual privacy in residential design, particularly within Islamic contexts. It stresses the need to reduce external intrusion and protect private spaces, especially for females, through thoughtful zoning and design strategies. Key considerations include shielding spaces such as the kitchen from public view and ensuring gender-segregated areas. While minor adjustments, such as window coverings, are commonly made, more comprehensive design solutions are required. Guided by Islamic cultural principles, these designs should ensure that privacy aligns with social values. Future research could further explore the impact of these considerations on privacy in urban neighborhoods with mixed populations and in predominantly Islamic communities.

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Visual Privacy, Gendered Space, Islamic Dwellings, Culturally Sensitive Design

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Dark energy, an enigmatic force responsible for the accelerated expansion of the universe, stands as one of the most significant and least comprehended elements of contemporary cosmology. This paper presents an extensive review of the experimental methodologies utilized to explore the characteristics of dark energy and its influence on cosmic acceleration. We analyze a range of observational techniques, including measurements of Type Ia supernovae, analysis of the cosmic microwave background (CMB), baryon acoustic oscillations (BAO), weak gravitational lensing, and galaxy clustering surveys. By assessing the methodologies, principal discoveries, and limitations associated with these techniques, we underscore how each offers distinct insights into the properties of dark energy and its equation of state parameter. Furthermore, we address emerging techniques and forthcoming missions, such as the Vera C. Rubin Observatory and the Euclid Mission, which are expected to enhance our comprehension of this mysterious phenomenon. Through this review, we pinpoint existing challenges in experimental design and data analysis, suggesting potential avenues for future investigation. This document aims to be a valuable reference for researchers and students in the field of cosmology, offering a thorough overview of the experimental landscape in the ongoing endeavor to reveal the true nature of dark energy.

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Dark energy, Cosmic Acceleration, Experimental Techniques, Cosmology, Weak Gravitational Lensing.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition