Volume 8 | Issue 11 |

 Abstract

Ethiopia has been experiencing a fast rate of urbanization resulting in a considerable transformation of its urban landscape. Considering this rapid urbanization, a deeper understanding is needed of what determines Ethiopian urbanization trends. Thus, the purpose of this research is to investigate the determinants of urbanization in Ethiopia. This research provides new insights for Ethiopian urban studies by applying a mixed-method approach - an interdisciplinary approach combining qualitative, quantitative, and semi-systematic literature review. This research adopted confidence level approach for characterizing the degree of certainty in key findings and to assess findings from the multi-method approach. Results show that proximity to large urban centers, administrative hierarchy of the urban centers, and urban centers� administrative location (emerging regions vs. the rest of the country) are key determinants of rapid urbanization in Ethiopia with a very high confidence level. In addition, employment opportunities, roads and railway infrastructure, population growth, and policy framework were rated with a high confidence level as determinants of urbanization. Meanwhile, the manufacturing industry and economic growth played an average role in Ethiopian urbanization which was rated with medium level confidence. This indicates the weak relationship between the manufacturing industry and economic growth on the one hand and urbanization on the other in the Ethiopian context.

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 Keywords

Urbanization, Determinants of urbanization, Ethiopia, Multi-method approach, Confidence level, Agreement level

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In this paper, we study the latest methodologies and methods of object detection and image classification. Object detection is a method for computer vision to identify instances of objects in pictures or videos and Image classification is a complicated process that relies on different variables. Algorithms for object detection usually use machine learning or deep learning to generate useful results. When humans look at photographs or videos, within a matter of moments, we can identify and locate objects of interest. The purpose of object detection is to use a computer to reproduce this intelligence. Here, we speak about the latest methods, challenges, as well as image classification prospects. The main emphasis will be on advanced methods of classification that are used to increase the precision of classification. Furthermore, some major problems related to classification results are also addressed.

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 Keywords

Support Vector Machine (SVM), Artificial Neural Network (ANN), Firebase-Ml KIT, Synthetic Aperture Radar(SAR).

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Abstract: Most of the people in this world are known to gestures, which is a means of communication amongst humans. They say actions speak louder than words, hence communicating using gestures is also a strong method. Robots are used for industrial and domestic purpose which are often controlled by the remote controllers. The employment of gestures as one of the way to manage people providing ease and will be more useful for the physically challenged. Gestures provide a special correlative manner to speech for expressing their objective. The main purpose of gesture recognition is that to associate a specific human gesture and convey information to the user with respect to individual gesture. Gesture recognition from hand motions or postures may be a lively area in gesture recognition research for Human Computer Interaction (HCI). We propose a gesture controlled wireless robot that performs the task of a spy robot serving security and monitoring purpose. The aim of gesture recognition is to spot a specific human gesture and convey information to the user regarding each gesture. Image processing is the foremost effective method accustomed process image signals. Training Image Classifier using Tensor flow Object Detection API (application programming interface) is followed where Convolution Neural Network (CNN) technique, coordinate value based algorithm is involved. Wireless interface is developed between controller and the robot that allows it to work in directions like front, back, right and left as per the commands received.

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 Keywords

Faster R CNN, Oblong detection boxes, Region Proposal Network (RPN), Region of Interest (ROI)

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Electrical contracting units are the institutions in the channel of distribution of electricity, which are engaged in transmission, distribution of electricity and also installation as well as maintenance of electrical systems. Their role in today�s world is not just of a transmitter, distributor, an installer or energy facilitator, but they also act as energy advisors and consultants. They give suggestions with respect to proper installation of electrical systems. They advise business organisations in bringing down electricity cost, ultimately resulting into energy saving in the benefit of environment. They also observe the electrical infrastructure and suggest improvements in it from the viewpoint of the safety. The knowledge of electrical contractors can be combined with standardization services to have better industrial safety. The scope for electrical contractors to work as energy and safety auditor has been explained here in this paper.

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safety audit, energy audit, electrical contractor

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Education is the most important weapon for every nation to progress and flourish. Due to Coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic, The Indian education system is facing major challenges. There is a major setback to the systematic method of classroom learning further leading academicians, parents and students face multiple issues in adapting to the present situation. With this background an attempt is made to know how COVID -19 is creating challenges amongst Institutions, Academicians, Students and Parents. It also focuses on challenges faced during technology adoption, education, learning process, student�s engagement and the awareness of parents through the pandemic.

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 Keywords

COVID-19, Virtual learning, Institutions, Faculty, Students, Parents.

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Job satisfaction is one of central tenets of involved and engaged work culture. The academic performance of teachers greatly depends upon job satisfaction as it enhances not only their productivity in instructional processes but also strengthen emotional bond. This study is carried out to explore the job satisfaction among secondary school teachers in relation to marital status, nature of job, training and years of experience. Descriptive method was used as the design of the study. The population of the study is secondary school teachers of Malappuram district, Kerala, India. The study conducted on 192 secondary school teachers that are taken through a stratified random sampling. The tool used for data collection is Job Satisfaction Scale developed by the researchers. Statistical technique used for data analysis is standard deviation and t-test. The study found that married secondary school teachers have higher level of job satisfaction than non-married secondary school teachers. It is also found that the job satisfaction of permanent secondary school teachers is higher than contractual teachers. No significant difference found in job satisfaction among trained and untrained secondary school teachers. It is also found that teachers with more than 15 years of experience have higher level of job satisfaction than teachers with less than 15 years of experience. The study discussed needed initiatives to address the issue of job satisfaction among secondary school teachers.

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Job satisfaction, Secondary school teachers, training, nature of job

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Meghalaya, as a state in its political affairs, has seen the active engagement of various pressure groups taking part frequently, in the state�s politics. Groups like the Khasi Students Union (KSU), Federation of Khasi, Jai�tia and Garo People (FKJGP) among others, have been actively engaging in the political arena of the state especially at present. Their active role in this field can be widely seen when various policies and events that took place, where they have challenged the government with regards to such issues and policies. In this paper we shall look into such policies and various issues that has compelled these groups to come forward to protest and show their disagreement against the government�s plans and policies. The policies like the Citizenship Amendment Act, 2019, Inner Line Permit, Influx, Railway Connectivity, and several others have not only created an absence of peace and normalcy in the state but it has also compelled the government to take several critical steps to bring down and take measures on these policies.

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Pressure Groups, Meghalaya�s Politics, Safety and Security.

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While lung cancer has been the leading cause of cancer-related deaths for many years in the Countries, incidence and mortality statistics � among other measures � vary widely worldwide. The aim of this study was to review the evidence on lung cancer epidemiology, including data of international scope with comparisons of tendency in economically, socially, and biologically different patient groups. In industrialized nations, evolving social and cultural smoking patterns have led to rising or death rates of lung cancer in women, lagging the long-declining smoking and cancer incidence rates in men. In contrast, emerging economies vary widely in smoking practices and cancer incidence but commonly also harbor risks from environmental exposures, particularly widespread air pollution. Recent research has also revealed clinical, radiologic, and pathologic correlates, leading to greater knowledge in molecular profiling and targeted therapeutics, as well as an emphasis on the rising incidence of adenocarcinoma histology. Furthermore, emergent evidence about the benefits of lung cancer screening has led to efforts to identify high-risk smokers and development of prediction tools. Varying trends in smoking largely dictate international patterns in lung cancer incidence and mortality. With declining smoking rates in developed countries and knowledge gains made through molecular profiling of tumors, the emergence of new risk factors and disease features will lead to changes in the landscape of lung cancer epidemiology.

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: Lung Cancer, Regression, Prediction

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The coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic, which originated in the city of Wuhan, China, has quickly spread to various countries, with many cases having been reported worldwide. The Ministry of Health and Family Welfare of India has raised awareness about the recent outbreak and has taken necessary actions to control the spread of COVID-19. It has also sparked fears of an impending financial crisis and recession. Social distancing, self-isolation and journey limitations have lead to a reduced employees across every financial sectors and caused several jobs to be misplaced. Moreover, the world wide trouble caused by pandemic, is a crisis that has resulted in several impacts on the environment. As farmers play a key function in providing food supplies to the population during and after the lockdown. Hence it has its impact on the economic expansion of the nation particularly in the field of agriculture . It is also obvious that besides their disastrous effect on human morbidity and mortality, there are equally distressing socio-economic consequences for the affected countries and the whole world. In brief the article focused on the issues with regards to positive and negative impacts in pandemic situation with Indian scenario.

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Social impacts, Environment, Agriculture, Corona virus, Financial Crises, Social distancing

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The main aim of this study is to observe the impact of training conducted in a restaurant in the city of Sonipat in Haryana on new and already existing employees. A review has been done on different aspects of the training. The findings of this study will reveal how much training actually affects the employee�s performance and if they find that training to be useful. There are a lot of factors that need to be taken into consideration so as to ensure effectiveness of training such as management support, attitude, training method and environment, factors related to your job. To be able to keep the staff motivated and for ensuring their overall growth, trainer/management has to identify the different areas of improvement and continuously work with the supervisors and head of departments to make them capable of performing the duties and responsibilities in an efficient manner. The hospitality sector faces a lot of skilled workforce challenges. The ability to succeed in meeting these challenges is the capability of the stakeholders of the industry to work together and deal with their problems and solve them. On the basis of comprehensive research and feedback from hospitality professionals/employees, we are trying to portray a picture of this critical aspect of this industry. We try to find how effective the training methods that are provided to them are and whether they are satisfied and motivated to work because of these methods.

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 Keywords

Training, Employee Performance

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition