Volume 8 | Issue 11 |

 Abstract

Beliefs form part of the process of understanding how teachers shape their work which is significant to the comprehending of their teaching methods and their decisions in the classroom. Teachers� beliefs have been an interesting topic for researchers due to the input they provide for the improvement of English language teaching and learning. Teachers� beliefs have a deep impact on their classroom principles. The realization of this relationship is very important for teachers to prepare and implement their new syllabus. Teachers� beliefs affect what they accomplish in their classroom, their attitudes, and their learner� beliefs. They guide teachers to adopt their teaching strategies for coping with their teaching challenges, shape language learners� learning environment, their motivation and their language ability. In this study, the researchers define the term belief, explain the nature of teachers� beliefs, express sources of teachers� beliefs, and finally mention some previous studies on teachers� beliefs. The review of related literature revealed that investigating teachers� beliefs will help them change their methods to teaching and learning over time in order to bring about more improvement for language learners.

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Teachers� Beliefs, Teaching, Learning, Nature, Sources

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

With the arrival of the internet world, face to face traditional method through which transnational crimes were committed has drastically changed. The same as internet has brought many advantages, it still possesses certain lope holes, which these individuals of the underworld, uses to facilitate the execution of organized transnational crimes without allowing traces, that greatly affect Cameroon. Dark net marketing, today, actually act as the main stimulus for the commission of organized transnational crimes, since both buyers and sellers don�t need physical contact, but act anonymously through encrypted messages and payment is made by escrow, with the help of crypto currencies in the market place without allowing traces, which makes it difficult for these criminals to be track out and easily facilitate the execution of transnational crimes, such as terrorism, money laundering, human trafficking and arms trafficking around the globe and Cameroon in particular. Today, dark net marketing is acting as a modern method to facilitate the execution of organized transnational crimes through the internet. As a result, the objective of this work, is to examine the modus operandi of dark net marketing as a means to facilitate organized transnational crimes and how international cooperation between Cameroon and other states, through extradition, mutual legal assistance and international criminal police organization, help in combating organized transnational crimes, executed under dark net marketing. To actually achieve the result that, there is a link between dark net marketing and drastic increased in organized transnational crimes, and how international cooperation between Cameroon and other states through extradition, mutual legal assistance and international criminal police organization, help in combating these crimes, a non doctrinal sequential triangulation method was used, through which, laws, text books, internet sources and libraries as primary sources and field studies, observations, interviews and questionnaires as secondary sources, which proof that, there is a link between dark net marketing and the growth of transnational crimes and also the used of international cooperation between Cameroon and other states through extradition, mutual legal assistance and international criminal police organization in combating transnational crimes executed under dark net marketing.

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Dark Net Marketing, Transnational Crimes, International Cooperation

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

BISMILLA REHMANE Rahim means VANDEMATRUM means honor and worship of female God particle or shakti ma idol or Allah. MODIJI IS IGNORANT AND BIG MISGUIDER OF PANDEMIC CORONA. ONLY SCIENCE OF PRAYER IS HELP TO GLOBE . Rest things are secondary .TOTAL LOCKDOWN Globally is not very essential or impossible to achieve . . ALMIGHTY GOD LORD NATRAZ OR ALLAH HO AKBAR has equipped us with � Science of Prayer � and know Allah in the light of science. Do prayer by all under one roof . SAY only � O GOD HELP US � . .Essential services should not be locked down Globally . Rest services could be locked down .Do not be panic . As Almighty God Lord Natraz or Allah ho Akbar has taken avatar as Ram Rahim Jesus and Buddha lalla virajman idol avatar on 22 23 Dec 1949 in middle gummed of Babri mosque. He has won the case from SC on 9.11.2019 and now owner of 70 act of land . Now He is Lord of Universe . It is by His order this research is drafted . Bring Iman in Almighty God Lord Natraz and bring Iman in His University of God . Prayer reaches to Highest Center of Universe and deprogramming of COVID 19 could be triggered if mass prayer is accepted by Almighty BBB.or Creator BBB.

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Basic Building Blocks, Atomic Genetics, Atomic Transcription and Translation, Tachyons, Atomic Genetic Engineering , Hoyle -Narlikar universe ,

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

In biological and medical sciences, the statistical tools for the collection, presentation and analysis of observed facts relating to the causes and incidence of diseases and the result obtained from the use of various drugs and medicines are of great importance. The information on early and indigenous medicinal uses of plants in India is vast and widely scattered. Though intensive Ethno � botanical work has been done only in a small part of our country, Srivastava et al., 1980; Gupta, 1981a; Shah, 1982 etc. Singh and Pandey, 1980 have described the use of some medicinal plants among tribal of Eastern Rajasthan. Ethno � botanical studies directed to specific tribal societies have also been undertaken in several parts of our country (Srivastava et. al., 1981; Maheshwari et. al. 1982; Dam and Hajra, 1981). In our paper, a sincere attempt in this regard for the welfare of Human beings where / root latex of Calotropis procera (ASCLEPIADACEAE) has been taken into account. The result obtained from the antiulcer activity parameters were subjected for determining intergroup differences, each parameter was analyzed separately and presented through graphs.

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Calatropis procera, antiulcer activity, latex, Ethno � Botany

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

Motivation is those factors that energize teachers to remain interested in and committed to the job of teaching and to the goal of maximizing student learning (Chandra, 2015). The dreary records of student achievements in the country imply low teacher motivation. The purpose of this paper is to provide a comprehensive analysis of the studies that look into the issues concerning teacher motivation and mitigating interventions suggested. In the paper, we found that there is a clear inclination in the literature to use monetary incentives to improve teacher motivation. The paper explores some of these interventions. It highlights the drawbacks of these borrowed interventions and the limitations to their applicability in the Indian context. The review goes beyond the conventional studies to explore the efficacy of professional and intrinsic motivation derived from non monetary incentives. We find that intrinsic motivators are as relevant as the extrinsic motivators and might even be more pertinent in the Indian context

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Conventional and non conventional motivators, Absenteeism, Intrinsic and Extrinsic motivators

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

India is basically an agricultural economy giving employment to more than 60 per cent of population contributes one fourth of the GDP. Disguised unemployment is the major type of unemployment exists in agricultural sector. The per capita availability of land is low which is a major hurdle to large scale farming resulting low productivity in agriculture. Lack of sufficient infrastructure in agriculture and changing food habits of the people demanding an organised institutional frame work in agricultural sector. To some extent cooperatives are functioning well. But it is not reducing the unemployment problem in agriculture. Contract farming is also successful in some areas. A judicious mix of these two are necessary in agricultural sector not only to reduce problems in agriculture but also to meet the needs of the society. In this research paper I have discussed the performance of cooperatives and contract farming and examined new agricultural policy of government of India.

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

COOPERATIVE FARMING VERSES CONTRACT FARMING IN INDIA

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

Literacy is considered to be an extremely important measure for bringing about equitable, sustainable development in a society and for this attainment of female literacy and female education is imperative. This paper highlights the differentials in the female literacy rate across the rural and urban areas among various districts of West Bengal for 2001-2011. It also throws light on the inter district disparity in the levels of female literacy between the rural and the urban counterparts and it also brings forth the gap in the differentials in the male-female literacy rate. This paper is divided into four sections, section one discusses the total literacy rate and female literacy rate, literacy rate in the urban and rural among the various districts of West Bengal for 2001- 2011. The second section discusses the male- female differential index among the various districts of West Bengal for both the years. The third section comparatively analyses the urban- rural differential index among the total and female population for both the years. The fourth section analyses the differences between the two years and tries to bring forth the possible reason for the changes. The data presented in the paper is obtained from the census record.

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Female literacy, male-female differential index, rural-urban differentials, sustainable development goals, district wise differentiation

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

With the ever growing increase in the technological revolution in our world , with these opportunities comes the threat of the cyber world. The aim of this study is to understand the types of cybercrimes and cyber-attacks in India. The Information Technology Act has had a significant impact on dealings with crimes related to the cyber / virtual world. The cyber crime rate in India has been increasing. To understand cybercrime, an understanding of the types of cyber crimes is crucial. The preventive measures are necessary to safeguard against the nature of these crimes. It is important to undertake preventive measures and safeguard yourself beforehand and be aware of these types of crimes. The basic measure to prevent cybercrime are to ensure regular computer updates, keep strong passwords and to avoid using public wifi networks

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Cyber Crime, Cyber Crime Types, Cyber Attacks

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

This research paper provides a comprehensive description of Khizr Hayat Tiwana�s role in the Punjab Politics. Also examines briefly the settlement of the Tiwana in Kalra estate of Punjab Province with his emergence in the political field in detail. The Unionist Party had been enjoying unparalleled and unrivaled pinnacles of popularity with strong power base in the British Punjab since its inception. Further this article delineates the fall of the Unionist Party in the Punjab and gives a detailed account about how it started waning in apolitical hands of Khizr Hayat after Sir Sikandar�s death. This study chiefly encapsulates the incipient role of Khizr Hayat as a Minister of Public Works in Sikandar�s cabinet and later as a Premier of the British Punjab. It further traces the Muslim League�s disgraceful fall in the provincial elections of 1937 and later its revival under the magnetic and charismatic leadership of Jinnah during the elections of 1946. Moreover, it discloses how the British Government deluded Khizr and devastated his political career for their vested interests in general, incompetent and shortsighted a political approach of Khizr in the arena of the Punjab Politics in particular. The failure of Khizr-Jinnah talks along with his expulsion from the Punjab Muslim League has been discussed extensively. In addition to this, it sheds light on how Khizr Hayat Tiwana was sandwiched between the tactful British Government and crafty Jinnah that marked his downfall in the Punjab Politics

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Khizr Tiwana, Punjab Politics, Muslim League, British Government, Jinnah, Premier

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

Privacy and confidentiality are in our DNA, which is why our software is designed with end-to - end encryption. Your texts, images, recordings, voice messages, notes, status changes and calls are prevented from falling into the wrong hands while encoded end-to - end.When you communicate with another person using a chatbox, end-to - end encryption is used. End-to - end encryption means that only you and the person you talk with can read or listen to what is received, and no one in between, not even a chatbox. This is because the messages are encrypted with a lock with end-to - end encryption, and only the receiver and you have the special key needed to decrypt and read them. Much of this occurs automatically: no special configurations need to be switched on to encrypt your posts.

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Encryption,RSA,Public Key,Private Key

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition