Volume 12 | Issue 10 |

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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The Yellow Stem Borer (YSB), Scirpophaga incertulas (Walker), is an important pest of rice throughout tropical South and Southeast Asia. The highest incidence of this pestis primarily observed in tropical lowland rice fields and deep-water rice cultivation. Theyield loss caused by the YSB is estimated to be 20% in early-planted rice crops and 80%in late-planted crops. In this paper, we developed a method to detect and classify the forms of YSB using a Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) and then model the infestation migration patterns of YSB in several rice-growing regions by using a CNN learning model. A dedicated CNN architecture is designed, and optimized for its ability to extract features and discern spatial hierarchies indicative of pest presence. Transfer learning techniques, utilizing pre-trained models, enhance the model's capability to recognize subtle patterns associated with pest infestations. The dataset is carefully annotated and augmented to ensure robust model training, with an emphasis on realworld variability. These models can help detect, classify, and model the infestations of other Agricultural pests, improving food security for rice.

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1. Yellow Stem Borer (YSB) 2. Scirpophaga incertulas 3. Rice pest management 4. Tropical lowland rice fields 5. Deep-water rice cultivation 6. Yield loss estimation 7. Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) 8. Pest detection and classification 9. Infestation migration modeling 10. Transfer learning 11. Feature extraction 12. Pre-trained models 13. Dataset annotation 14. Data augmentation 15. Spatial hierarchies 16. Pest presence patterns 17. Agricultural pest monitoring 18. Food sec

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BACKGROUND: Spastic CP is the most prevalent diagnosis among children with CP. Lower limb muscles often afflicted in children with cerebral palsy include gastro-soleus. So, Children with spastic diplegic CP exhibited more stiffness at the ankles than the knees affecting ankle dorsiflexion and balance. This study was carried out to investigate the effects of SMIT Vs SS technique in spastic diplegic CP with calf tightness. AIM: To compare the effectiveness of suboccipital muscle inhibition technique versus static stretching technique on ankle ROM and balance in spastic diplegic cerebral palsy patients with calf tightness. METHODOLOGY: Subjects were divided by using convenient sampling. 48 subjects were selected by Inclusion criteria. Subjects were evaluated for ankle DF-ROM, MAS & PBS. In this study, 48 subjects were assigned, 24 subjects were in group A who received SMIT in six sessions for 2 weeks. Group B consisted of 24 subjects who received static stretching technique in six sessions for 2 weeks. RESULT: The results indicated that while both techniques had some impact, SMIT demonstrated significant improvements in the Modified Ashworth Scale (MAS) and Pediatric Balance Scale (PBS) scores, suggesting its efficacy in enhancing motor function in this population. CONCLUSION : The findings of this study support the effectiveness of SMIT in improving spasticity and balance in spastic diplegic CP patients with calf tightness. While static stretching also offers benefits, SMIT appears to be the more effective intervention . CLINICAL IMPLICATION : Given the promising results of SMIT, it may be beneficial for clinicians to incorporate this technique into rehabilitation programs for spastic diplegic CP patients, particularly those with calf tightness.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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Suboccipital Muscle Inhibition, Cerebral Palsy, Static Stretching, Spasticity, Balance, Ankle Range Of Motion

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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The young population plays a crucial role in the future of any nation, and with Telangana being one of the youngest states, prioritizing the well-being and reintegration of its young populace is of utmost importance. Recent data from the National Crime Records Bureau (NCRB) has brought to light the alarming involvement of children in criminal activities, emphasizing the pressing need to focus on their rehabilitation and reintegration into society. Despite the challenges posed by the limited number of Juvenile Justice Boards (JJBs) compared to the state's population and area size, understanding and enhancing existing rehabilitation programs are imperative for laying a solid foundation for the state's development. The study, utilizing a mixed research methodology encompassing both qualitative and quantitative methods, has a sample size of 20. While the sample size may be relatively small, it offers a foundation for future research to expand upon the findings. Quantitative methods will be employed for descriptive statistical analysis, while qualitative methods will involve interpretative analysis. This research aims to evaluate the effectiveness of rehabilitation and reintegration programs for children involved in criminal activities in Telangana, India. Recognizing the complexities of reintegrating such children into society, this study engages various stakeholders in the rehabilitation process and conducts direct interviews with the children to provide a comprehensive assessment. This study aims to identify the challenges, accomplishments, and gaps in current rehabilitation and reintegration practices. By capturing the perspectives of key stakeholders, including social workers, judges, members of the child welfare committee, officials from observation homes, lawyers, and psychologists, alongside conducting direct interviews with children participating in these programs, the study aims to gain valuable insights into the multifaceted nature of the rehabilitation process. Data analysis examines various aspects of the rehabilitation and reintegration process, including access to education, vocational training, mental health support, family reunification, and community acceptance. By delving into the lived experiences of stakeholders and children, this research endeavours to inspire positive change in policies and practices in Telangana and beyond. Ultimately, the study findings contribute to a deeper understanding of the complexities surrounding the rehabilitation and reintegration of children involved in criminal activity, guiding future interventions to promote their overall well-being and social inclusion.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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juvenile, rehabilitation, reintegration, CCL

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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Sharing photographs and videos on social media platforms has become a common feature of internet communication. The capacity to quickly post and distribute multimedia material has transformed how people interact and consume information. However, it brings certain hazards and concerns, notably in terms of privacy, security, and reputation management. When posting photographs and videos on social media, users should be aware that once anything is uploaded online, it can potentially be seen and shared by anybody. Users should also use caution while sharing content, ensuring that it is suitable and does not infringe on the rights of others. Social media posting behavior refers to how individuals utilize and engage with various social media platforms to share material with their network or the general public. Age, culture, personality, and motive for using social media can all have a significant impact on posting behavior. Some people use social media exclusively for personal expression, such as posting life updates or thoughts on various issues. Others may use social media to promote themselves, such as by publishing material relating to their profession or interests to grow their brand or acquire recognition.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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Multimedia; Social Media; Posting Behavior; Platforms

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition