Volume 9 | Issue 1 |

 Abstract

The Supreme Court of India as the highest Judicial Tribunal of the country has given its authoritative decisions on various points of law from time to time. The apex court has examined the constitutional validity, procedure and many other issues related to death sentence and delivered its valuable verdict on numerous occasions in last 50-60 years. The constitutionality of death penalty has been questioned before the Supreme Court several times on the ground that it contravenes provisions incorporated in Indian Constitution. However, the Court has made it clear many times that the imposition of death penalty is not opposed to the supreme law of the land, Bhagwati, J., is of opinion that Sec. 302 of the I.P.C. in so for as it provides for imposition of death penalty as an alternative to life sentence is ultra vires and void as being violative of Art. 14 and 21 of the constitution since it does not provide any legislative guidelines as to when life should be permitted to be extinguished by imposition of, death sentence.

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JUDICIAL TRENDS WHILE AWARDING CAPITAL PUNISHMENT IN INDIA: A STUDY

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The article tries to peep in the world of Hardy and dig out the reason behind pessimism and tragedy. The researcher has tried to analyse the pessimism in the story of Jude and Sue as well as, the role played by incident and circumstances in preparing the platform for tragedy. The article also highlights on how virtue is punished, the act of indiscretion, and how fate as usual in Hardy's all novels plays the key role in causing disaster. Jude the Obscure is a tragedy that highlights Victorian society's suppression of the human spirit. Jude Fawley's life serves as a metaphor for both the tragedy of hurried and ill-considered marriages and the social rejection that result from adhering to moral standards that are different from those of the majority of society. Jude eventually entered a state of inertia because of his disillusionment with organised religion (which he considered cruel), his conviction that existing civil laws were irrational, and his belief that natural law, which condemns everyone, regardless of their alleged worth, to suffer and eventually die (inactivity, sluggishness). In fact the other chief character Sue's tragedy is brought about by her own impulses and her tragedy establishes the supremacy of conventions and social codes. Hardy has represented the basic idea of this novel in transformations and failures: Jude and Sue have been snared in the modern spirit, have battled to break free of the traditional methods, and have suffered and failed. This supports Hardy's assessment of the book as a "tragedy of unfulfilled aims" in the preface to the book.

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tragedy, pessimism, fate, Hardy

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Sustainability is a topic of great concern in and around the world. The vision of ministry of tourism to make India a preferred tourism destination in the world, by promoting sustainable tourism to enhance the competitiveness of Indian Tourism Industry. With the growing recognition of tourism as the source of employment generation, infrastructural developments, market expansion for traders and manufacturers, promotion of transport, for harmonious relationship between various countries across the world, there is a need arises to look in to the main aspects of tourism that leads to growth and economic development of a country.Sustainable tourism has been defined by so many thinkers and scientists in so many ways as Responsible Tourism, Eco-Tourism and Geo-Tourism. Sustainable tourism can be achieved by: protection of environment, conservation of wild life, cultural heritage and traditional values. India has a lot of potential to provide for tourism development with its rich history in terms of ancient monuments, temples and churches, art and culture, mountains, sea beaches, wild life, medical, and many more. History and background of destinations, Infrastructure developments, hospitality, easy accessibility, financial aspects, these are some of the factors that taken in to consideration by a tourist for their visits. Growth and development of tourism in India depends on sustainability.

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Make in India, Tourism, Sustainable, Environment, Stakeholders

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The concept of Self Help Groups gained significance especially after 1976 when Prof. Mohammed Yunus of Bangaladesh began experimenting with micro-credit and Women Self Help Groups. The strategy made a quite revolution in Bangladesh towards poverty eradication by empowering the poor women (CIRDAP Development Digest, 2000). Self Help Groups are small informal associations created for the purpose of enabling members to reap economic benefit out of mutual help, solidarity and joint responsibility. The benefits include mobilization of savings and credit facilities and pursuit of group enterprise activities. The group based approach not only enables the poor to accumulate capital by way of small savings but also help them to have access to formal credit facilities. In general, Self Help Groups created on the above line of functioning have been able to effectively reach the poor, especially the women, help them to obtain easy access to facilities like savings and credit and in the long run in alleviating poverty by empowering them. Self-Help Groups (SHGs) are playing a major role in removing poverty in the rural India today. The group based model of self help is widely practiced for poverty eradication, rural development and empowerment of women. Self help as a strategy for social development places emphasis on self reliance, human agency and action. SHGs serve as a medium of delivering micro credit to the members and reduce their dependence on explicative informal credit delivery system consisting of money lenders, land lords, traders etc. Empowerment has thus helped women to realize their identity, capability, strengths and power. They have also greater self-confidence and awareness of their rights, are more assertive and more vocal in mixed forums. Women have gained a measure of freedom from irrelevant customs, traditions, practices and prejudices. Thus, the process helped women to understand and realize their unique potential, develop courage to think and act independently, express what they desire, suffer, feel, speak out and express freely, and explore their distinct growth and development.

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Self-helf Groups, Empowerment, Women, Poverty Eradication, Rural Development, Economic Activity, Government, NGO

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Since the time immemorial indigenous and local communities are treasure of traditional knowledge around the world. Indigenous knowledge has gained over centuries and is part of local culture and environment and it transmitted orally from generation to generation. In the context of biodiversity traditional knowledge refers to the know-how, skills and practices evolved and adopted by local and traditional communities over centuries regarding maintenance and use of natural resources. It covers medicinal and other properties of plants and animals, the manner of using them for healthcare and other essential needs. Indigenous and local communities are real natural resource managers and contribute to nation in conservation and sustainable use of biodiversity resource. They helps to regulate human interactions with the natural environment and secure intergenerational equity. Their skills and techniques provide valuable information to the global community and a useful model for biodiversity policies. Indigenous people identifies natural resources in biodiversity which contains medicinal values through skill and techniques which is useful for our society. Such skills and techniques should be protected under intellectual property law. Present intellectual property law has not recognised intellectual property rights of indigenous community. Hence this research article will discuss contemporary legal as well as policy issues in protecting intellectual property rights of indigenous and local community.

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Indigenous community, traditional knowledge, intellectual property rights,

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The Solapur district in Maharashtra, India, is known for its sugarcane industry, which contributes significantly to the local economy. However, the intensive cultivation of sugarcane requires a large amount of water, leading to concerns about its impact on the water reservoirs in the region. This research aims to investigate the extent to which the Solapur sugarcane industry is harmful to water reservoirs and identify the factors contributing to the problem.

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Solapur Sugar Industry, Availability of Water.

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Emojify: A Deep Learning Approach for Custom Emoji Creation and Recognition

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Emojify: A Deep Learning Approach for Custom Emoji Creation and Recognition

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Any pandemic has its own significant impact on every sector of any country internally externally. In this context, COVID-19 is undoubtedly one of the biggest global events of our lifetimes which has changed many things including the way we live, work, take care of our health, shop, entertain ourselves, communicate and relate to others, etc. It presents unprecedented challenges to many industries, governments and people all over the world. The pandemic remains a health and humanitarian crisis, and the business and economic impact has been deep and far reaching in nationally and internationally. Financial services firms, in particular, have the opportunity to help consumers and businesses weather the economic downturn and navigate the current storm in Indian banking system. This paper is an attempt to analyse the impact of COVID-19 on the banking system in India.

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Pandemic, COVID-19, Global, Unprecedented, Impact, Banking System, India.

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Culture

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Liquefaction is one of the devastating effects of earthquake. It has occurred even before the recorded cases in the history. Liquefaction causes not only failure of super-structure but also produces instability of sub-structure, which results into catastrophic damages. Liquefaction is the term commonly used to describe the sudden, dramatic strength loss which mostly occurs in sands during seismic loading. It is a consequence of increased pore pressure and reduced effective stresses resulted into the transformation from a solid state to a liquefied state of soil. While most frequently associated with cohesion-less soils and dynamic loadings, it has been reported in all types of soils ranging from fine-grained to gravelly type soil under both dynamic and static loadings depending upon extent of the seismic and environmental factors. It is the globally recognized prediction standard for identification of liquefaction of mixture of sand with fines. To achieve the objective, the present research work commenced with the literature review for the identification of existing prominent liquefaction susceptibility criteria. It was beneficial to extract the significant soil parameters from the prominent eight criteria. The comparison among these criteria revealed the discrepancies regarding the selection of liquefaction parameters and their ranges. The root-cause for the discrepancies in the pre-existing criteria is their site-dependency. It was observed that the database comprised mostly the same parameters of database of sandy soil. Hence it was converted in terms of parameters considered for prominent criteria by using the basic geo-technical relations and the conversion charts by carrying out more than 1000 computations. The total database for fine grained soil comprises 291 data-cases, with 194 liquefied cases and 97 non-liquefied cases. The final output of this method was the regression equation giving the relation between most significant parameters and the prediction response of liquefaction. The proposed probable liquefaction criterion was verified successfully by DOE technic. The proposed criterion comprised the index properties of fine grained soil as the most significant parameters for prediction of liquefaction. The determination of these properties in the laboratory can be carried out by very simple laboratory procedures. Hence the proposed criterion may be considered as the effective and accurate yet simplest method for assessing the liquefaction of sand with fines.

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 Keywords

Liquefaction, earthquake and geo-technical relations.

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