Volume 14 | Issue 1 |

 Abstract

The integration of Augmented Reality (AR) in online education has emerged as a transformative approach to enhance learning experiences in virtual environments. AR technologies overlays digital elements onto real-world settings, fostering an interactive and immersive learning experience that traditional online courses often lack. This research endeavour explores the advantages and limitations of AR in online education. One of the advantages of AR is its ability to bridge the gap between theoretical concepts and practical applications. By providing three-dimensional, interactive simulations, AR enables learners to engage with complex topics, such as anatomy, engineering, or molecular biology, in ways that traditional methods cannot achieve. Additionally, AR promotes active participation and individualized learning by adapting content to suit the learner's pace and preferences. Its engaging nature also increases motivation and retention rates, making it particularly useful for STEM education and professional training. Augmented Reality has been found to improve learning outcomes in online courses, particularly in subjects that require hands-on experiences, such as science and engineering (Wouters et al., 2013; Yilmaz, 2016). Additionally, Augmented Reality bridges the gap between theoretical knowledge and real-world application by offering an immersive and engaging learning experience. However, the study also highlights several limitations, including technical issues, limited accessibility, and high development costs. Moreover, the lack of standardization in augmented reality content and the need for specialized hardware and software can hinder widespread adoption. Augmented Reality can make online courses more accessible for students with disabilities, providing an alternative way of interacting with digital content (Cakir et al., 2019). Despite these limitations, the benefits of augmented reality in online courses far outweigh the drawbacks. This study provides recommendations for educators and instructional designers to effectively integrate Augmented Reality in online courses, maximizing its potential to enhance student learning outcomes.

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 Keywords

Augmented Reality, Online Courses, Educational Technology, Student Engagement, Learning Outcomes

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R.K. Narayan's fictional town of Malgudi occupies a distinctive place in Indian English literature. Though seemingly modest and provincial, Malgudi functions as a powerful postcolonial microcosm that reflects the social, cultural, and psychological realities of colonial and post-independent India. This paper examines Malgudi as a representative of postcolonial space where tradition and modernity, colonial influence and indigenous values, coexist and interact. The literary analysis of Narayan's selected novels such as Swami and Friends, The Bachelor of Arts, Waiting for the Mahatma, and The Guide, argues that he subtly negotiates postcolonial identity, resistance, and continuity through everyday life rather than overt political rhetoric. Malgudi emerges as a living cultural organism that mirrors India's transition from colonial subjugation to self-definition. Malgudi is frequently celebrated as a "postcolonial microcosm"--a self-contained, fictional universe that reflects the shifting identity, social tensions, and cultural evolution of India as it transitioned from a British colony to a sovereign nation. Unlike his contemporaries who focused on grand political narratives like Raja Rao) or social activism like Mulk Raj Anand, Narayan used the quotidian (everyday) life of Malgudi to mirror the vast complexities of the Indian psyche.

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 Keywords

Fictional, Malgudi, Postcolonialism, Microcosm, Indian English Fiction, Cultural Identity

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Sciatica has become one of the most common musculoskeletal disorders in today's clinical practice. In India alone, it's estimated that around 1 to 5% of the population is affected. One large study found that each year, about 28 out of every 1,000 people experience lower back pain, and nearly 12 of those cases involve sciatica specifically. Most commonly occurs between the ages of 20 and 64, and men seem to be affected slightly more often than women. Sedentary lifestyle and prolonged sitting with poor posture contribute significantly to lumbar strain, whether it's at work, in the car, or at home. Additionally, prolonged work hours, insufficient exercise, sudden movements during travel or physical activity, and heightened stress levels all contribute to extra strain on our backs. Sciatica is often correlated to Gridhrasi in Ayurveda

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 Keywords

Gridhrasi, Matra Basti, Vatavyadhi, Sciatica, Panchakarma

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Early detection of breast cancer is essential for improving patient survival rates. Traditional diagnostic methods rely heavily on manual analysis, which can be time-consuming and prone to human error. This paper presents an automated breast cancer detection system using deep learning and image processing techniques. Medical images are preprocessed through noise reduction and normalization to enhance relevant features. A convolutional neural network (CNN) is employed to classify images into benign and malignant categories. The proposed model is trained and evaluated using a standard breast cancer image dataset and demonstrates reliable classification performance. This system aims to support medical professionals by improving diagnostic accuracy and reducing workload. The results indicate that deep learning-based approaches can effectively assist in breast cancer diagnosis and provide a foundation for intelligent medical decision-support systems.

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 Keywords

Breast Cancer Detection, Deep Learning, Image Processing, CNN, Medical Diagnosis.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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In today's highly digital world, data security has become paramount for all information systems. Conventional file-sharing methods often lack sufficient protection, leaving sensitive information vulnerable to unauthorized access or long-term exposure. This paper introduces a secure file-sharing framework that effectively integrates QR code generation, optional encryption, and time-bound access control. The proposed system employs AES encryption for strong confidentiality, dynamic QR codes for accessible portability, and a time-based expiry mechanism to automatically revoke authorization. This combination ensures that files are only accessible to verified users within a strictly limited time window. Implemented using React and Firebase, the architecture delivers a secure, usable, and scalable solution suitable for secure data transmission in academic, corporate, and personal environments

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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Secure File Sharing, QR Code, Time-Bound Access, Data Security, Encryption, Authentication, Confidentiality, Integrity, Access Control, Privacy Protection, File Encryption, Expiry Link, Authorized Access

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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Right to Free Legal Aid in India: A Study of Constitutional, Statutory, and Judicial Developments Purvi Panwar Assistant Professor Himachal Pradesh College of Law Kala- Amb Abstract: The concept of Free Legal Aid serves as the foundation of a refined justice system, ensuring that the doors of justice are not closed to anyone due to economic or social disabilities. This paper examines the comprehensive evolution of the right to legal aid in India, tracing its route through constitutional mandates, legislative frameworks, and judicial activism. The Right to free legal aid gain formal recognition through the 42nd Amendment Act, 1976 which inserted Article 39A, directing the State to provide free legal services. However, the true transformation occurred through the transformative interpretation of Article 21 by the Supreme Court, elevating legal aid from a directive principle to fundamental rights. The study further analyzes the statutory strength provided by the Legal Services Authorities Act, 1987, which established a three-tier structure (NALSA, SLSA, and DLSA) and institutionalized Lok Adalats as a mechanism for affordable dispute resolution.By analyzing landmark judicial pronouncements such as Hussainara Khatoon v. Home Secretary, State of Bihar and M.H. Hoskot v. State of Maharashtra, this paper highlights how the judiciary has bridged the gap between theoretical rights and practical accessibility.

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Key Words: Article 21, Article 39A, Constitutional Law, Directive Principles of State Policy, Equal Justice, Free Legal Aid, Judicial Activism, Legal Services Authorities Act, 1987, Lok Adalats ,NALSA , Public Interest Litigation (PIL), Social Justice.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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In this article we introduce, in terms of with soft grill, the concepts soft grill generalized closed map, soft grill generalized open map and soft grill generalized homeomorphism in soft grill topological spaces (X,?_s, ?_s,A). Several related results and properties of these concepts are investigated.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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Soft sets, soft homeomorphism, zeta_mathcal{S}-mathcal{G} closed set, zeta_mathcal{S}-mathcal{G} closed map, zeta_mathcal{S}-mathcal{G} open map, zeta_mathcal{S}-mathcal{G} closed set homeomorphism

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Solar energy harnesses photovoltaic (PV) panels to convert sunlight into electricity, yet dust accumulation on panel surfaces poses a significant challenge, reducing efficiency by up to 40% in arid and dusty regions. This paper proposes an innovative automatic dust cleaning mechanism designed to enhance solar panel efficiency by mitigating soiling losses in real-time. The system integrates sensor-based detection, mechanical brushing, and waterless cleaning techniques to autonomously remove dust without human intervention, addressing limitations of manual cleaning methods that are labour-intensive, costly, and inconsistent. Key components include dust sensors (e.g., optical particulate monitors) that trigger activation when soiling exceeds a predefined threshold, a motorized brush assembly with anti-static bristles for gentle surface contact, and a solar-powered microcontroller for energy-efficient operation. The mechanism employs a linear actuator to sweep the panel surface bidirectionally, ensuring comprehensive coverage while minimizing mechanical wear. To optimize performance, an IoT module enables remote monitoring and predictive maintenance via cloud analytics. This automatic cleaning solution offers scalability for utility-scale solar farms and rooftop installations, promoting sustainable energy production. Future enhancements could incorporate AI-driven dust prediction and adaptive cleaning schedules to further boost reliability and economic viability.

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Photovoltaics, Soiling, Automation, Waterless, IoT

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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The complexity of career decision-making has increased as job roles evolve and digital recruitment systems become more widely adopted. Job seekers often struggle to match their skills with market expectations and generate resumes that align with Applicant Tracking System (ATS) requirements. ASPIRA is proposed as an intelligent career guidance platform that supports applicants through automated resume parsing, rule-based skill extraction, skill-gap identification, and job-role alignment using real-time job market data. The system is developed using a MERN stack architecture and integrates external job data APIs to recommend suitable career roles and upskilling paths. Preliminary evaluation shows improvements in resume-job relevance and application accuracy when compared to traditional keyword-based job search approaches, indicating the platform's potential to enhance employability and support informed career planning

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Career Guidance, Resume Parsing, Skill Gap Analysis, ATS Optimization, MERN Stack, Job Recommendation System, Employability Enhancement, API Integration, Job Market Analytics.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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In today's fast and competitive world, many gynaecological cases are rapidly increasing because of sedentary lifestyle, faulty food habits, depression, addiction and loss of mental peace. In Ayurveda, sthanika chikitsa (local therapies) are specialized treatment procedures for women. Uttarbasti, a traditional Ayurvedic treatment, involves the instillation of medicated oils or ghee into the uterus through the cervix. This procedure aims to restore balance to the vaginal tissues, promote healing, and alleviate symptoms associated with various gynecological disorders. This holistic approach treats vaginal trauma, infections, and diseases, while also relieving pain, discomfort, and difficulty in conceiving. By promoting healing and rejuvenation, Uttarbasti restores vaginal health and balance, making it a valuable treatment option for women seeking natural and effective solutions for their gynaecological concerns.

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 Keywords

Uttarbasti, Basti, SOP, Sthankia chikitsa, Uttar marga, Panchakarma, Gynecology, Infertility, Uterus, Vagina, Cervix.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition