Volume 14 | Issue 1 |

 Abstract

Introduction: Different aspects of Arunachal Pradesh's development influenced the way development was accomplished over time: geographical isolation; small population; and the absence of adequate means of transportation. Originally, Arunachal Pradesh was located in an area of India that was very poorly connected and isolated from other parts of India, but with the recent construction of numerous major transport ways (roads, railways, and airports), there has been a gradual improvement in Arunachal Pradesh's connection to the National Development process. Objective of the Study: To examine how Arunachal Pradesh has changed throughout the first quarter of 21st Century. Methodology: This study utilizes both descriptive and analytical methodologies in order to provide a narrative account of the major changes in Arunachal Pradesh, as they relate to Development. Additionally, this study offers an analytical perspective on the Development Divergence occurring in Arunachal Pradesh, as it has developed under the two separate Government Administrations of Prime Ministers Manmohan Singh and Narendra Modi. Findings and Discussion: Arunachal Pradesh is presently experiencing a significant transformation with respect to development, particularly since the BJP took control of the Central Government in 2014 and expanded their Political Power throughout Arunachal Pradesh. Conclusion: Arunachal Pradesh represents the end of the previous pattern of development - slow geographic development; rather the recent developments illustrate an increasing rate of Infrastructure development towards strategic integration, socio-economic transformation and other types of investment capital.

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 Keywords

Geographical challenges, Transportation, Small population, Development, BJP Government

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The historical foundation of the secular state in India is a unique blend of ancient traditions of pluralism, reform movements, the anti-colonial freedom struggle, and specific constitutional decisions made by its founding fathers. Unlike the Western concept of a strict separation between church and state, the Indian model emphasizes equal respect for all religions and state neutrality. The roots of secularism in India are deeply embedded in its multi-religious history, which long predates the modern concept. Ancient Tolerance: In ancient India, diverse philosophies, including theistic and atheistic schools of thought, coexisted peacefully. Emperor Ashoka in the 3rd century BCE was one of the first rulers to advocate not only for the toleration of all religious sects but also for developing respect toward them, a principle articulated in his 12th Rock Edict and Medieval Pluralism: The medieval era saw the rise of the inclusive Bhakti and Sufi movements, led by saints like Kabir and Guru Nanak, which promoted unity and universal brotherhood across religious boundaries. The Mughal Emperor Akbar institutionalized religious tolerance through policies like abolishing the jizya (a discriminatory tax on non-Muslims), appointing Hindus to high offices, and sponsoring interfaith debates in his Ibadat Khana (House of Worship). The atmosphere throughout ancient India was more or less, one of toleration and religious liberty. In ancient India the promotion of Dharma (law, duty, morality, and religion) was regarded as the foremost aim of the state. The King was expected to encourage piety and virtue and to aid religious institutions. Government was not based on dogma and considerable impartiality was evidenced in the treatment accorded the various sects.

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Unique, India, Religious Liberty, Dharma,Morality, Duty, State.

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"A study to assess the effectiveness of Lecture cum Demonstration on knowledge regarding Cranial Nerve Examination among the Basic B.Sc. Nursing 3rd year students in selected Nursing College at Yavatmal

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The concept of Soundarya in Ayurveda transcends mere physical appearance, emphasizing the harmonious integration of body, mind, and spirit as the true essence of beauty. The Charaka Samhita presents a comprehensive vision of aesthetics through its detailed descriptions of Dinacharya (daily regimen), Rtucharya (seasonal regimen), and rejuvenative therapies such as Rasayana, alongside external applications including Lepa (herbal paste), Abhyanga (oil massage), and Mukhalepa (facial applications), all of which enhance complexion, luster, and vitality. These references reveal the classical Ayurvedic understanding of beauty as an outcome of internal wellness, dosha equilibrium, and mindful external care. Thus, the Charaka Samhita articulates an enduring and holistic perspective on Soundarya--one that harmonizes aesthetics with health, longevity, and psychological well-being.

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Soundarya, cosmetics, charaka Samhitha

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Efficient highway route planning requires minimizing construction cost, reducing environmental disturbance, and adapting to complex terrain conditions--tasks that traditional GIS-based and manual planning methods often struggle to accomplish. This study presents a comprehensive review of satellite image-driven techniques for highway route optimization using high-resolution imagery collected from Google Earth. A set of 25 peer-reviewed studies published between 2019 and 2024 are analysed to examine advancements in deep learning-based semantic segmentation, terrain analysis, and multi-objective optimization algorithms. The survey highlights modern approaches such as U-Net-based land cover classification, graph-based shortest-path algorithms, and multi-criteria decision-making frameworks that enable the identification of eco-friendly and cost-efficient high- way alignments. Key challenges--including data preprocessing complexity, regulatory constraints, and the lack of real-time adaptability--are discussed in detail. The findings also outline promising future directions in AI-driven geospatial modelling, automated environmental impact assessment, and sustainable route planning. This review serves as a valuable reference for researchers and policymakers seeking environmentally conscious and technically reliable highway route optimization solutions using satellite imagery from platforms like Google Earth.

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 Keywords

EcoSmart Routing, Intelligent Route Planning, Satellite Imagery, Deep Learning, Semantic Segmentation, Cost Map Generation, Environmental Constraints, Sustainable Infrastructure, GIS, Pathfinding Algorithms

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The judiciary and the legal profession together constitute the foundation of constitutional governance and the rule of law. Their credibility determines not only the effectiveness of justice delivery but also the moral authority of the State. While historically both institutions were regarded as noble and service-oriented, contemporary realities reveal challenges such as delay, commercialization, ethical decline, and institutional overload. This research article critically examines the evolution of the judiciary and the legal profession in India across three temporal dimensions--past, present, and future. Through doctrinal analysis, judicial observations, comparative perspectives, and reform-oriented critique, the paper argues that the crisis facing the justice system is not merely procedural but ethical and cultural. The study concludes that meaningful reform requires ethical revitalization of the legal profession, structural judicial reforms, quality legal education, and enhanced civic responsibility.

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Judiciary, Legal Profession, Judicial Ethics, Rule of Law, Delay in Justice, Legal Reforms, Access to Justice

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Industrial environments require continuous mon itoring of multiple environmental parameters to ensure the safety of personnel and infrastructure. Conventional monitoring systems often present raw sensor readings without meaningful interpretation, limiting their effectiveness in real-world safety applications. This paper presents HazardSense, a centralized Internet of Things (IoT)-based environmental safety monitor ing system designed to interpret multi-sensor data and assess environmental risk conditions. The system integrates gas, tem perature, humidity, flame, and light sensors using an ESP32 microcontroller and processes the collected data to classify safety conditions based on predefined thresholds. Instead of focusing solely on individual sensor outputs, HazardSense correlates sensor readings to determine severity levels and provide action able safety insights. Experimental evaluation under controlled conditions demonstrates the system's ability to identify unsafe environmental states and support early warning mechanisms. The proposed approach offers a cost-effective, scalable, and practical solution for enhancing situational awareness in industrial and indoor environments.

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Internet of Things, Environmental Monitoring, Industrial Safety, Gas Detection, ESP32, Sensor Integration

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The mass media is perceived as a fourth pillar of a nation. The journalistic profession is seen as a tool to report the facts and question the injustice happenings in the society. In this male dominated field, women's participation and their achievements are inevitable. Since ancient times, women have displayed their remarkable ability in reporting the human rights violations, corruptions, and also investigative reporting. In 2021 the World Press Freedom Index had ranked India at 142 out of 180 countries. The reporters face physical harassments to murder due to multiple challenges and social stigma. The reason for the ranking in the world press freedom can be said due to the vilification of the journalist, police cases against them, defamation and sedition suits etc. In case of women, they face more challenges in this profession. According to Reporters without Borders there has been a 35% rise in women journalists being sent to prison for their work worldwide. It also includes, gender bias, disparity in pay package, intimidation, violence of sexual nature, threats to their families, trolls, and the like. Reporters are required to seek judicial help for their safety. There are many case studies of the struggles that the women journalist has faced and enduring. The situation of women journalists is contrary in the present time. On one side, there is a strong participation of women in media. But at the same time, the safety and their professional growth is a questionable one. There are many successful women journalists in the country who have paved their way to the top. In this study, the researcher tried to understand the real time challenges in this journalism field through qualitative method. It will also provide the suggestion for the women reporters to make a mark in this male dominated profession.

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women, media, journalist, challenges, aspirations

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ABSTRACT Aim: This study aims to compare the effectiveness of upper limb and scapular stabilization exercises over the elastic resistance band exercises for trapezitis among college students. Background of the Study: Trapezitis is an inflammation of trapezius muscle, Symptoms of trapezitis include pain, tenderness, stiffness in neck and shoulders, difficulty in moving arms. Poor posture, overuse, or injury can all contribute to the condition. The primary purpose of present experimental study was to prevent pain and help students to write efficiently. Materials and Methods: once the study is approved by institutional review board, 30 students both male and female suffering trapezitis were selected. The study setting was in Chennai. The source population includes male and female, age between 18-25, NPRS score with in 7 and excludes NPRS scale ranging>7, pain in area other than trapezius muscle, history of fracture or dislocation in upper limb, neoplasm, recent surgery. The samples were fully explained about the benefits of participating in the study. They were asked to complete the consent form, which was duly signed by the therapist and the samples. Data regarding pain, speed of writing were collected using NPRS(Numerical Pain Rating Scale) and NDI(Neck Disability Index). Result: The result of this study shows that elastic resistance band exercises was better than upper limb and scapular stabilization exercises in reducing pain and improving speed of writing.

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Trapezitis, Scapular stabilization, Elastic resistance, band exercises, Upperlimb exercises.

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Alcohol impairment poses significant risks in recreational activities like go-karting, jeopardizing the safety of participants and bystanders alike. Addressing this concern, this project focuses on implementing an innovative solution: an alcohol detection system with go-kart ignition locking. From keeping people safe on the roads to keeping tabs on them in hospitals and offices, alcohol detection systems are essential. Potential harms linked to alcohol intake can be better identified and prevented with its aid. By including a high-tech alcohol detection system with a NodeMCU (ESP8266) microcontroller, this project aims to improve safety measures in go-karting conditions. The system's goal is to allow for control and monitoring of the go-kart igniting process in real-time via the use of an alcohol sensor, a relay module, and an LCD display. If the go-kart driver is in the area of a potential source of alcohol vapours, the alcohol sensor will sound an alarm. When it senses that someone is under the influence of alcohol or drugs, the NodeMCU will activate the relay module, which will then lock the go-kart's ignition system. Intuitive and transparent, the LCD screen provides real-time feedback on the alcohol detection status, allowing users and operators to respond quickly.

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 Keywords

Alcohol detection, alcohol sensor, Ggo-karting, NodeMCU (ESP8266), relay module

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