Volume 14 | Issue 1 |

 Abstract

Sustainable agriculture and soil health management are increasingly critical due to rising food demands and environmental challenges. Traditional soil testing methods often involve expensive laboratory equipment, skilled personnel, and long processing times, making them inaccessible for frequent on-site monitoring by rural farmers. To address these limitations, this study presents the design and fabrication of a paper-based microfluidic device (?PAD) for the rapid, low-cost detection of phosphorus in soil. The device utilizes capillary action to transport soil extracts through hydrophobic wax-printed channels to a reaction zone. Detection is based on the molybdenum blue colourimetric reaction, where orthophosphate ions react with reagents to form a blue complex, the intensity of which is proportional to the phosphorus concentration. Results are quantified via a smartphone application, providing an accessible readout for immediate field decision-making. This portable platform demonstrates significant advantages in time efficiency and affordability compared to conventional methods, supporting sustainable resource management in precision agriculture.

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 Keywords

Phosphorus detection, Microfluid, Capillary action, soil Testing

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Agenesis of vermiform is a exceptionally rare congenital anomaly, most often identified incidentally during surgical exploration for suspected acute appendicitis. Its clinical significance lies in its ability to closely mimic acute appendicitis, frequently leading to diagnostic and intraoperative dilemmas. This case report discusses a 29 year old female who presented with acute onset abdominal pain and vomiting for last 24 hours, clinical examination revealed severe colicky pain localized to right iliac region suggestive of acute appendicitis. Ultrasound of the same day reported a mildly inflamed appendix with diameter 6.6 mm, enlarged surrounding lymph nodes and no abnormality related to adnexa, reinforcing the provisional diagnosis. Intraoperatively, the appendix was not found at the converge of taenia coli. Further exploration of right adnexa reveled a ruptured, twisted, hemorrhagic ovarian cyst on the right side, for which right oophorectomy was performed. Postoperative management included broad spectrum antibiotics, aseptic wound care and radiological follow ups, leading to significant clinical improvement. The absence of the appendix obliges the surgeon to actively search for alternative causes of right iliac fossa pain, particularly gynecological conditions in females of reproductive age. Unnecessary caecal dissection may increase operative time and risk of complications such as serosal injury or postoperative ileus. When appendicular agenesis is confirmed and the underlying pathology is appropriately addressed, the prognosis is excellent, with no long-term adverse outcomes related to the anomaly itself. Awareness of this rare entity, combined with a systematic intraoperative approach and judicious decision-making, is crucial to prevent avoidable morbidity and to ensure optimal surgical management in patients presenting with a clinical picture suggestive of acute appendicitis.

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 Keywords

Agenesis of appendix, Appendicitis, Torsion of ovary, Caecal diverticulum, Appendiceal anomaly, rare case report

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 Abstract

In reliability, a life time distribution can be characterized by the reliability function. In this paper considered a situation when stress follow mixture of weibull distribution to find reliability of a system. It has been studied when strength follow weibull distribution and stress follow finite mixture of weibull distribution. The general expression for the reliability of a system is obtained. The reliability is computed numerically for different values of the stress strength parameters.

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Reliability, Stress - strength system, weibull distribution.

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This study examines long-term crime trends in India from 2001 to 2025 using National Crime Records Bureau (NCRB) data to analyze temporal patterns, spatial disparities, and institutional context. Using descriptive analytics, state-level panel regressions, and spatial mapping, the study evaluates trends in overall IPC crimes, crimes against women, and selected socio-demographic and justice indicators. Results indicate a sustained increase in reported IPC crimes, particularly after 2014, with significant spatial concentration in urbanized states and districts. Panel fixed-effects models reveal positive associations between crimes against women and overall IPC crime rates, while economic crimes show a negative association, highlighting reporting and classification dynamics. The analysis further demonstrates that urbanization and justice infrastructure capacity influence crime visibility across states. The findings underscore the importance of strengthening institutional capacity, improving reporting mechanisms, and adopting data-driven policing strategies for effective crime prevention and governance.

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 Keywords

Crime Trends in India, Crime Statistics, Temporal Crime Analysis, Spatial Crime Patterns, Crime Data Analysis, Socio-Demographic Indicators.

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Grahani Roga, Irritable Bowel Syndrome, Ayurveda, Integrative Approach, Agni, Gut-Brain Axis

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The digital transformation of education demands robust and efficient solutions for managing critical administrative and instructional processes. The traditional, manual management of student academic results is inherently flawed, characterized by time-consuming procedures, a high susceptibility to human error, and significant delays in generating accurate student records and providing timely feedback. Addressing these limitations, this research paper presents the design and implementation of a Student Result Automation Management System (SRAMS), a comprehensive, web-based platform engineered for the dynamic management and sophisticated analysis of student data.The SRAMS is architecturally built upon the lightweight Flask web framework, utilizes a MongoDB NoSQL database for scalable and flexible data storage, and integrates the Google Gemini API to leverage advanced Artificial Intelligence (AI) capabilities. This system transcends conventional methods by incorporating a powerful, spreadsheet-like interface for data entry, coupled with an automated calculation engine that performs complex grading computations in real-time, ensuring immediate accuracy and consistency.The core functionality is segmented to serve both educators and students. For teachers and administrators, the system provides a seamless, unified tool for grade management, automatic report generation, and insightful analysis of class performance trends, significantly reducing manual workload. A key feature is the system's ability to ingest and process academic data from diverse sources with high precision. For students, the system offers a secure, personalized portal to instantly view their results and access an integrated, AI-driven study assistant that provides tailored feedback and support.By automating data handling, complex calculations, and reporting, the SRAMS directly addresses the need for a reliable, efficient, and intelligent result management solution. Its su-ccessful implementation demonstrates a significant stride towards optimizing educational administration, enhancing data integrity, and improving the feedback loop between educators and students, thereby setting a new standard for modern academic record-keeping.

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Academic result automation, student performance analytics, web-based application, Flask framework, MongoDB NoSQL database, automated grade computation, educational data processing, role-based access control, artificial intelligence in education, performance metrics, academic feedback system.

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Artificial Intelligence (AI) has significantly transformed recruitment practices by introducing automation, predictive analytics, and data-driven decision-making. This study investigates the influence of different levels of AI adoption--high, medium, and low--on recruitment efficiency, cost effectiveness, employee retention, and workforce diversity. Data collected from 300 organizations were analyzed using comparative and statistical methods. The results indicate that higher AI adoption leads to reduced hiring time, lower recruitment costs, improved retention rates, and enhanced diversity outcomes. Statistical validation confirms the significance of AI in improving recruitment performance, highlighting its importance as a strategic HR tool

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Artificial Intelligence, Recruitment Practices, Hiring Efficiency, Time-to-Hire, HR Analytics, Talent Acquisition

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This study presents a gesture-to-speech system to aid speech-impaired individuals in VR. Based on webcam input, the system employs a Python backend and Mediapipe to realize real-time hand gesture recognition. Identified gestures are instantly converted into spoken words and displayed as interactive 3D text within a web-based VR frontend (A-Frame). This response focuses on affordability and accessibility, enabling easy communication for non-verbal users in virtual environments without specialized VR hardware.

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Virtual Reality, Sign Language Translation, A-Frame, Human-Computer Interaction, Immersive Education, WebXR

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Introduction: Different aspects of Arunachal Pradesh's development influenced the way development was accomplished over time: geographical isolation; small population; and the absence of adequate means of transportation. Originally, Arunachal Pradesh was located in an area of India that was very poorly connected and isolated from other parts of India, but with the recent construction of numerous major transport ways (roads, railways, and airports), there has been a gradual improvement in Arunachal Pradesh's connection to the National Development process. Objective of the Study: To examine how Arunachal Pradesh has changed throughout the first quarter of 21st Century. Methodology: This study utilizes both descriptive and analytical methodologies in order to provide a narrative account of the major changes in Arunachal Pradesh, as they relate to Development. Additionally, this study offers an analytical perspective on the Development Divergence occurring in Arunachal Pradesh, as it has developed under the two separate Government Administrations of Prime Ministers Manmohan Singh and Narendra Modi. Findings and Discussion: Arunachal Pradesh is presently experiencing a significant transformation with respect to development, particularly since the BJP took control of the Central Government in 2014 and expanded their Political Power throughout Arunachal Pradesh. Conclusion: Arunachal Pradesh represents the end of the previous pattern of development - slow geographic development; rather the recent developments illustrate an increasing rate of Infrastructure development towards strategic integration, socio-economic transformation and other types of investment capital.

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Geographical challenges, Transportation, Small population, Development, BJP Government

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The historical foundation of the secular state in India is a unique blend of ancient traditions of pluralism, reform movements, the anti-colonial freedom struggle, and specific constitutional decisions made by its founding fathers. Unlike the Western concept of a strict separation between church and state, the Indian model emphasizes equal respect for all religions and state neutrality. The roots of secularism in India are deeply embedded in its multi-religious history, which long predates the modern concept. Ancient Tolerance: In ancient India, diverse philosophies, including theistic and atheistic schools of thought, coexisted peacefully. Emperor Ashoka in the 3rd century BCE was one of the first rulers to advocate not only for the toleration of all religious sects but also for developing respect toward them, a principle articulated in his 12th Rock Edict and Medieval Pluralism: The medieval era saw the rise of the inclusive Bhakti and Sufi movements, led by saints like Kabir and Guru Nanak, which promoted unity and universal brotherhood across religious boundaries. The Mughal Emperor Akbar institutionalized religious tolerance through policies like abolishing the jizya (a discriminatory tax on non-Muslims), appointing Hindus to high offices, and sponsoring interfaith debates in his Ibadat Khana (House of Worship). The atmosphere throughout ancient India was more or less, one of toleration and religious liberty. In ancient India the promotion of Dharma (law, duty, morality, and religion) was regarded as the foremost aim of the state. The King was expected to encourage piety and virtue and to aid religious institutions. Government was not based on dogma and considerable impartiality was evidenced in the treatment accorded the various sects.

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Unique, India, Religious Liberty, Dharma,Morality, Duty, State.

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