Volume 14 | Issue 1 |

 Abstract

The obsession of society with reproduction is undeniable. Infertility halts its very basis. Therefore, many social measures and medical interventions have been employed to cure this issue. Surrogacy has been an effective recourse, with assisted reproductive technologies at its forefront presently. This paper studies different forms of commercial surrogacy, associated issues, produced dilemmas and their representation in selected popular media. It, also, examines the implications of substituting an altruistic act to a commercial one. Through a critical analysis of the selected Bollywood films (Chori Chori Chupke Chupke and Mimi), the paper aims at exploring the multifaceted landscape of surrogacy across decades, un/supported by varied legislative frameworks, within the Indian state.

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 Keywords

Motherhood Studies, Film Studies, Surrogate Motherhood, Commercial Surrogacy, Bollywood

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Classroom management is a fundamental aspect of effective teaching and learning, particularly at the primary level where children require structure, guidance, and emotional support. It refers to the strategies, techniques, and practices used by teachers to create and maintain a positive, orderly, and engaging classroom environment. This paper examines the concept of classroom management, its importance, objectives, principles, and its impact on the teaching-learning process. It highlights the role of teachers, classroom discipline strategies, student engagement, learning environment, challenges faced in classroom management, and possible solutions. The study concludes that effective classroom management enhances academic achievement, social behavior, emotional well-being, and overall learning outcomes, making it an essential component of successful education.

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Classroom Management, Teaching-Learning Process, Discipline, Learning Environment, Primary Education

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Background: Biomedical waste (BMW) management is essential for hospital infection control and environmental safety, and inadequate segregation, limited awareness of legal frameworks, and poor access to policy documents increase occupational hazards and the risk of nosocomial infections. Objectives: To assess knowledge and practices related to biomedical waste management and associated legal frameworks among doctors and nurses in a tertiary care hospital in Mysuru, India. Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted among doctors and nurses at a 250-bed tertiary care teaching hospital in Mysuru, Karnataka. Data were collected using a structured, self-administered questionnaire assessing knowledge of BMW guidelines, access to policy documents, waste handling and segregation practices, and awareness of infection risks. Data were analysed using descriptive statistics and the Chi-square test. Results: Of the 150 questionnaires distributed, 128 were completed (response rate: 85%). Nurses constituted 74.2% of participants and doctors 25.8%. Awareness of the WHO manual on safe management of health-care waste was limited (45.3%), with no significant difference between professional groups (p = 0.40). Access to BMW policy documents differed significantly, with 90.5% of nurses reporting access compared to 15.2% of doctors (p < 0.001). Despite limited policy awareness, more than 90% of respondents reported appropriate waste segregation, correct use of colour-coded bins, and glove use. Awareness of infection risks associated with improper BMW management was high. Conclusion: Although reported biomedical waste management practices were satisfactory, gaps in awareness of and access to formal guidelines and legal frameworks persist, particularly among doctors. Targeted training and improved dissemination of policy documents are required to strengthen compliance.

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Biomedical waste management; Doctors; Health-care workers; Infection control; Nurses; Waste segregation

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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AI-Driven Testing, Machine Learning in QA, Self-Healing Test Automation, Autonomous Testing Agents, Visual AI Regression, Predictive Defect Analytics, Synthetic Data Generation, Natural Language Processing (NLP) Testing, Continuous Testing (CT), Quality Engineering (QE), Test Maintenance Reduction, Generative AI (GenAI) for Software Testing

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This paper examines the invisibility of widows in Indian society through a sociological lens. Drawing from feminist theory, symbolic interactionism, and intersectionality, it argues that widowhood represents a form of social death, where women are systematically erased from cultural, economic, and familial life. Using case studies such as Vrindavan widows, caste variations, and NGO interventions, the paper highlights both the persistence of widow stigma and emerging transformations through activism and reform.

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Social death, widow, stigma

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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Digital finance has emerged as a significant driver of economic transformation in emerging economies by improving financial inclusion, enhancing transaction efficiency, and expanding access to credit. The power sector, being capital-intensive and vital for economic growth, continues to face challenges such as financing constraints, poor revenue realization, high distribution losses, and limited access to long-term capital. This study examines the role of digital finance as a catalyst for power sector growth in emerging economies, with particular emphasis on its impact on investment, operational efficiency, and revenue sustainability. Using secondary data collected from international energy and financial databases covering selected emerging economies over the period 2019-2024, the study employs descriptive statistics, correlation, and regression analysis to assess the relationship between digital finance indicators and power sector performance. The findings reveal that digital finance has a positive and significant influence on power sector growth by improving bill collection efficiency, enabling innovative financing models, and supporting decentralized energy systems. The study highlights the importance of digital financial infrastructure and policy support in strengthening the financial viability and long-term sustainability of the power sector.

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 Keywords

Digital Finance, Power Sector Growth, Emerging Economies, Financial Inclusion, Energy Financing, Fintech.

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 Abstract

15 अगस्त 1947 को एक लंबे संघर्ष के बाद भारत को विदेशी अंग्रेजी सत्ता की गुलामी से स्वतन्त्रता मिली थी | भारत विभाजन इस देश के इतिहास की बेहद महत्वपूर्ण और त्रासद भरी घटना है | इस विभाजन की घटना ने देश के स्वर्णिम इतिहास और हजारों लोगों की कुर्बानियों से प्राप्त स्वतन्त्रता को कलंकित कर दिया | देश के विभाजन ने वर्षों से एक-साथ निवासरत लोगों की एकता,संस्कृति,रीति-रिवाजों,आपसी संबंधों और भाषा को एक झटके में ही नष्ट कर दिया | विभाजित होते ही लाखों लोगों का जन-जीवन ,वर्षों पुरानी सभ्यता और संस्कृति ,वर्तमान और भविष्य ,सबकुछ विभाजन के अंधेरे में डूब गया | देश का विभाजन आज भी हमारे हृदय में एक जहरीले कांटे की तरह चुभ रहा है | भारत की आजादी को आज भले ही 78 वर्ष बीत चुके हैं | हम सभी भारतवासी प्रतिवर्ष भले ही आजादी का जश्न और खुशियाँ मनाते हैं ,आजादी के गीत गाते हैं ,लेकिन फिर भी कहीं न कहीं हमें विभाजन का वो भयानक मंजर और उससे पीड़ित लोगों की तस्वीर आज भी याद हैं ,जो विभाजन की पीड़ा को हमेशा ही याद दिलाते हैं | जिस समय आजादी की लड़ाई लड़ी जा रही थी किसी ने भी महसूस नहीं किया होगा कि देश की आजादी के साथ देश के विभाजन का भयानक और त्रासद समय ,देशवासियों को देखना पड़ेगा |

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गुलामी,कलंकित,त्रासद,स्वर्णिम,मंजर,भारत,पाकिस्तान,साम्प्रदायिकता,फूट–डालो,बेहया ,अलगाव ,बंदे |

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The present study was conducted to assess the conservation treatment procedure of ancient shawl object in Bangladesh National Museum. In the present study, character of Shawl has been evaluated and assessed the suitability of prevention purposes. The environmental impact of shawl has been discussed. The assessment can be increased the awareness of the people of the risk and affected the Shawl so that they could ready to face the disaster due to climate change, from the investigation it can be concluded that the Shawl is being affected by environmental hazard. The strength of colors were studies of their lowest values such as blue, red and yellow were founds in variation from 1.470998(N), 0.588399(N) and 0.392266(N) respectively. The strength of lowest value of different yarn studied was found lower hose of the new yarn value. The delay of the application of the legal frame work as well as people's awareness aggravates the situation by continually reducing the longevity of ancient Shawl in Bangladesh National Museum

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 Keywords

Shawl, Conservation, Bangladesh National Museum, Ancient, Environmental, Hazard, Reducing, Longevity.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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ABSTRACT INTRODUCTION: The advent of smartphones has revolutionized the way people communicate, access information, and entertains themselves. In recent years, the use of smartphones has become ubiquitous, with people of all ages owning a smartphone. According to a report by the International Telecommunication Union (ITU), the number of mobile phone users worldwide is projected to reach 7.1 billion by 2025, with India being one of the largest contributors to this growth. The widespread adoption of smartphones has transformed the way people live, work, and interacts with each other. The impact of smartphone usage on adolescents is a topic of significant interest and concern. Adolescence is a critical stage of development, characterized by significant physical, emotional, and social changes. During this stage, adolescents are vulnerable to various influences, including peer pressure, social media, and technology. The increasing accessibility and affordability of smartphones have made them an integral part of adolescent life, influencing various aspects of their development, including physical and mental health, social relationships, and academic performance. STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM: "A study to assess the effect of smart phone usage in adolescents at selected high school in Tirupati" OBJECTIVES: 1. To assess the effect of smart phone usage in adolescents at selected high school Tirupati. 2. To associate the level of effect of smart phone usage in adolescents with selected demographical variables. METHODOLOGY: The research approach used in the study was Quantitative and the research design was Descriptive design. Sampling technique used was simple random sampling technique for an objective group. The self-structured questionnaire was used to assess the effect of smart phone usage in adolescents at selected high school in Tirupati. A sample of 100 adolescent students were selected for the study. The reliability for the tool r=0.8. Descriptive statistics and inferential statistics were used to analyse the data of study. RESULT: The study findings include, Effect of smart phone usage is moderate among adolescents that is 35. 34 of Adolescents were with mild effect and 31 of adolescents were with severe effect. There is no significant association with socio demographic variables. The other variables were not found to have any significant association with the effect of smart phone usage among Adolescents. CONCLUSION: The present study concludes that smartphone usage has a moderate overall effect on adolescents studying in the selected high school at Tirupati, with a considerable proportion experiencing mild to severe effects. Although demographic variables largely showed no significant association with the impact of smartphone use, the findings highlight that excessive or unmanaged smartphone usage can influence adolescents' well-being and daily functioning. These results emphasize the need for awareness programs, parental guidance, and school-based interventions to promote responsible smartphone use among adolescents and to minimize its potential negative effects on their physical, mental, and academic development.

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 Keywords

Smartphone usage, Adolescents, Effect High school students, Descriptive study, Tirupati

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition